Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2020

TOI-451 d

A sub-neptune orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) TOI-451, located approximately 403.6 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 3.93 Earth radii
  • A mass of 10.20 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 0.66 g
  • An orbital period of 16.365 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1168 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 714 K (441 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 403.58 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.277
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 7,117,171 years

2 siblings around TOI-451

TOI-451 d shares its host star with 2 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
TOI-451 b Super-Earth 1.84 4.70 1.859 1,474 2020
TOI-451 c Sub-Neptune 2.93 3.70 9.192 865 2020
TOI-451 d this Sub-Neptune 3.93 10.20 16.365 714 2020

TOI-451 d Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
3.93 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.351 R♃
Mass
10.20 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.032 M♃
Density
0.92 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
0.66 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.277
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2020
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#15of 1978

top 0.7%

This planet

3.93R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-451 d Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.003.9311.21
Mass (M⊕)1.0010.20317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.510.921.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.000.662.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0043.200.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 10.200 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 257605131

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 4844691297067063424

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 4844691297067063424

System

TOI-451

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 3.930 R⊕ · percentile 99 / cohort 1978
Mass 10.200 M⊕ · percentile 74 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 16.36 d · percentile 55 / cohort 1946
Distance 123.74 pc · percentile 24 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.277 · percentile 22 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
16.365 days
Semi-major axis
0.1168 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
89.26 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 16.36 Earth days (4.5% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1168 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.180 %

Duration

4.094 h

Impact parameter b

0.382

Rp / R★

0.042430

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,460,314.9694

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 1,803 ppm lasting ≈ 4.09 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.042430

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

29.600

Impact parameter (b)

0.382

RV semi-amplitude (K)

2.700 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,460,314.9694

Long. of periastron (ω)

90.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.94400

Eq. Temperature

714K

(441 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

43.20

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.277

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Newton et al. 2021

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2021-02

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-451

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,490 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

0.12 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.850 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.930 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.02

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.530 dex

Stellar density

1.840 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

19.87 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

8.70 km/s

Rotation period

5.10 days

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
123.74 parsec
Light-years 403.58 ly
V-band magnitude
10.94 mag
Voyager-speed travel 7,117,171 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

8.611.611.64B10.94V10.75Gaia10.27TESS9.64J9.29H9.19K9.14W19.17W29.12W38.63W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

8.053 mas

Total Proper Motion

16.668 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-11.17 mas/yr

PM Declination

12.37 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.358 · y = 0.702 · z = -0.615

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 62.96639° · Dec -37.93973°

Galactic ℓ, b

240.548° · -46.930°

Ecliptic λ, β

48.128° · -57.515°

HTM-20 index

1709022690

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