Key parameters at a glance
- A radius of 8.54 Earth radii
- A mass of 88.99 Earth masses
- Surface gravity around 1.22 g
- An orbital period of 21.492 days
- Semi-major axis 0.1515 AU
- Equilibrium temperature 718 K (444 °C)
- Distance from Earth 1,074.04 light-years
- Earth Similarity Index 0.222
- Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 18,940,778 years
TOI-4994 b Planet Profile
Physical Specs
Classification
Planet Type
Neptune-like
Discovery
Size rank in cohort
Rank by radius
#119of 574
top 20.6%
This planet
8.54R⊕
Neptune-like median
6.39R⊕
Nearest-size peers
| Metric | Earth | TOI-4994 b | Jupiter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radius (R⊕) | 1.00 | 8.54 | 11.21 |
| Mass (M⊕) | 1.00 | 88.99 | 317.83 |
| Density (g/cm³) | 5.51 | 0.78 | 1.33 |
| Surface Gravity (g) | 1.00 | 1.22 | 2.53 |
| Insolation (S⊕) | 1.00 | 40.00 | 0.037 |
Alternative Mass Estimates
| Method | Value | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Best measured mass | 88.992 M⊕ | Direct mass measurement (not derived). |
Star Catalogue Identifiers
TIC
TIC 277128619
Gaia DR2
Gaia DR2 6364463103935391232
Gaia DR3
Gaia DR3 6364463103935391232
System
TOI-4994
Percentile among Neptune-like cohort
Orbit & Habitability
Orbital Dynamics
Year Length
A year here lasts approximately 21.49 Earth days (5.9% of a terrestrial year) on a highly eccentric trajectory at a mean orbital distance of 0.1515 AU.
Transit Fingerprint
Depth
0.551 %
Duration
4.452 h
Impact parameter b
0.180
Rp / R★
0.074240
Transit midpoint (BJD)
2,459,965.4704
Photometric dip
Transit produces a flux drop of 5,510 ppm lasting ≈ 4.45 h.
Extended Orbital Architecture
Planet / star radius ratio
0.074240
Semi-major axis / stellar radius
30.900
Impact parameter (b)
0.180
RV semi-amplitude (K)
21.600 m/s
Transit mid-time (BJD)
2,459,965.4704
Long. of periastron (ω)
143.10°
Angular separation (arcsec)
0.46000
Eq. Temperature
718K
(444 °C)
Insolation (S⊕)
40.00
Earth = 1.00
Earth Similarity (ESI)
0.222
0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical
Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.
Detection Signatures
Transit photometry
A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.
Radial velocity
Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.
Discovery Paper
Primary reference
Rodriguez Martinez et al. 2024Instrument
TESS CCD Array
Publication
2024-12
Observation locale
Space
Discovery cohort
Planets confirmed in 2024 at Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) (12 shown).
Host System: TOI-4994
Spectral Class
G-type yellow (Sun-like)
Effective Temperature
5,640 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)
Estimated Age
6.30 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)
Stellar Radius
1.055 R☉
Stellar Mass
1.005 M☉
Metallicity [Fe/H]
0.17
Extended Stellar Properties
Surface gravity (log g)
4.393 dex
Stellar density
1.210 g/cm³
Metallicity ratio
[Fe/H]
Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands
Astrometric Data
Parallax
3.008 mas
Total Proper Motion
10.017 mas/yr
PM Right Ascension
1.03 mas/yr
PM Declination
9.96 mas/yr
Galactic Cartesian (pc)
x = 0.046 · y = -0.195 · z = -0.980
Equatorial (J2000)
RA 283.13253° · Dec -78.43443°
Galactic ℓ, b
315.888° · -26.588°
Ecliptic λ, β
274.575° · -55.204°
HTM-20 index
544976692
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