Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2025

TOI-5800 b

A sub-neptune orbiting the k-type orange TOI-5800, located approximately 139.9 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.46 Earth radii
  • A mass of 9.50 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.57 g
  • An orbital period of 2.628 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0344 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,108 K (835 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 139.94 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.234
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 2,467,804 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

TOI-5800 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.46 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.219 R♃
Mass
9.50 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.030 M♃
Density
3.46 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.57 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.234
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2025
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1245of 1978

top 62.9%

This planet

2.46R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-5800 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.4611.21
Mass (M⊕)1.009.50317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.513.461.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.572.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00274.160.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 9.500 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 151759246

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 4216059714460162944

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 4216059714460162944

System

TOI-5800

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.460 R⊕ · percentile 37 / cohort 1978
Mass 9.500 M⊕ · percentile 69 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 2.63 d · percentile 4 / cohort 1946
Distance 42.91 pc · percentile 10 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.234 · percentile 13 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
2.628 days
Semi-major axis
0.0344 AU
Eccentricity
0.300
Inclination
85.08 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 2.63 Earth days (0.7% of a terrestrial year) on a highly eccentric trajectory at a mean orbital distance of 0.0344 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.073 %

Duration

1.200 h

Impact parameter b

0.903

Rp / R★

0.029200

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,459,771.7145

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 731 ppm lasting ≈ 1.20 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.029200

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

9.580

Impact parameter (b)

0.903

RV semi-amplitude (K)

5.400 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,459,771.7145

Long. of periastron (ω)

-36.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.80200

Eq. Temperature

1,108K

(835 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

274.16

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.234

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Jenkins et al. 2025

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2025-05

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-5800

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,850 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

8.10 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.773 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.778 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.04

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.560 dex

Stellar density

2.410 g/cm³

Rotational v·sin i

1.30 km/s

Activity index (log R'HK)

-4.885

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
42.91 parsec
Light-years 139.94 ly
V-band magnitude
9.55 mag
Voyager-speed travel 2,467,804 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

7.110.510.50B9.55V9.22Gaia8.61TESS7.77J7.28H7.19K7.11W17.19W27.16W37.10W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

23.278 mas

Total Proper Motion

73.788 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

51.78 mas/yr

PM Declination

-52.57 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.570 · y = -0.812 · z = -0.129

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 305.06555° · Dec -7.41192°

Galactic ℓ, b

36.428° · -23.102°

Ecliptic λ, β

305.588° · 11.800°

HTM-20 index

1269008671

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