Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2023

TOI-139 b

A sub-neptune orbiting the k-type orange TOI-139, located approximately 138.3 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.46 Earth radii
  • A mass of 6.60 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.09 g
  • An orbital period of 11.071 days
  • Equilibrium temperature 561 K (288 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 138.31 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.450
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 2,439,097 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

TOI-139 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.46 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.219 R♃
Mass
6.60 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.021 M♃
Density
2.45 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.09 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.450
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2023
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1256of 1978

top 63.4%

This planet

2.46R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-139 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.4611.21
Mass (M⊕)1.006.60317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.512.451.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.092.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0022.420.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 62483237

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 6598814657249555328

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 6598814657249555328

System

TOI-139

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.457 R⊕ · percentile 37 / cohort 1978
Mass 6.600 M⊕ · percentile 35 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 11.07 d · percentile 38 / cohort 1946
Distance 42.41 pc · percentile 10 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.450 · percentile 62 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
11.071 days
Semi-major axis
AU
Eccentricity
Inclination
89.32 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 11.07 Earth days (3.0% of a terrestrial year).

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.115 %

Duration

2.194 h

Impact parameter b

0.395

Rp / R★

0.032100

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,458,334.8906

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 1,150 ppm lasting ≈ 2.19 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.032100

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

33.159

Impact parameter (b)

0.395

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,458,334.8906

Eq. Temperature

561K

(288 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

22.42

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.450

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Mistry et al. 2023

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2023-01

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-139

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,570 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

Stellar Radius

0.701 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.690 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.24

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.705 dex

Stellar density

2.827 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[M/H]

Distance
42.41 parsec
Light-years 138.31 ly
V-band magnitude
10.55 mag
Voyager-speed travel 2,439,097 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

7.411.711.67B10.55V10.08Gaia9.36TESS8.37J7.77H7.64K7.57W17.65W27.58W37.43W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

23.553 mas

Total Proper Motion

40.174 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

26.43 mas/yr

PM Declination

-30.26 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.751 · y = -0.328 · z = -0.572

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 336.40241° · Dec -34.90971°

Galactic ℓ, b

9.760° · -57.991°

Ecliptic λ, β

324.861° · -23.234°

HTM-20 index

475741139

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