Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2023 Habitable Zone

TOI-904 c

A sub-neptune orbiting the k-type orange TOI-904, located approximately 150.3 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.17 Earth radii
  • A mass of 5.34 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.14 g
  • An orbital period of 84.000 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.3120 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 217 K (-56 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 150.32 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.657
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 2,650,935 years

1 sibling around TOI-904

TOI-904 c shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
TOI-904 b Sub-Neptune 2.43 6.46 10.877 429 2023
TOI-904 c this Sub-Neptune 2.17 5.34 84.000 217 2023

TOI-904 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.17 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.193 R♃
Mass
5.34 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.017 M♃
Density
2.88 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.14 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.657
HZ Position Habitable
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2023
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1730of 1978

top 87.4%

This planet

2.17R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-904 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.1711.21
Mass (M⊕)1.005.34317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.512.881.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.142.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.000.540.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 261257684

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 4620844400530949376

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 4620844400530949376

System

TOI-904

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.167 R⊕ · percentile 13 / cohort 1978
Mass 5.340 M⊕ · percentile 13 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 84.00 d · percentile 92 / cohort 1946
Distance 46.09 pc · percentile 11 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.657 · percentile 89 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
84.000 days
Semi-major axis
0.3120 AU
Eccentricity
Inclination
89.83 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 84.00 Earth days (23.0% of a terrestrial year) at a mean orbital distance of 0.3120 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.186 %

Duration

5.040 h

Impact parameter b

0.373

Rp / R★

0.038000

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,459,386.3490

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 1,857 ppm lasting ≈ 5.04 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.038000

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

130.000

Impact parameter (b)

0.373

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,459,386.3490

Angular separation (arcsec)

6.77000

Eq. Temperature

217K

(-56 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

0.54

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.657

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Within the conservative habitable zone — surface water would be frozen.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Harris et al. 2023

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2023-12

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-904

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

3,770 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

1.50 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.527 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.557 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.02

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.619 dex

Stellar density

5.360 g/cm³

Rotational v·sin i

2.00 km/s

Rotation period

17.10 days

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
46.09 parsec
Light-years 150.32 ly
V-band magnitude
12.59 mag
Voyager-speed travel 2,650,935 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

8.514.114.07B12.59V11.86Gaia10.85TESS9.61J8.94H8.77K8.62W18.58W28.48W38.46W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

21.668 mas

Total Proper Motion

114.573 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-28.94 mas/yr

PM Declination

110.86 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.001 · y = 0.120 · z = -0.993

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 89.37127° · Dec -83.12973°

Galactic ℓ, b

295.324° · -28.525°

Ecliptic λ, β

270.260° · -73.430°

HTM-20 index

-2077204208

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