Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 2.17 Earth radii
A mass of 5.35 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 1.14 g
An orbital period of 11.350 days
Semi-major axis 0.0796 AU
Equilibrium temperature 403 K (130 °C)
Distance from Earth 1,157.92 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.629
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 20,419,843 years
Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

Context from the literature

The list of exoplanets detected by the Kepler space telescope contains bodies with a wide variety of properties, with significant ranges in orbital distances, masses, radii, composition, habitability, and host star type. As of June 16 2023, the Kepler space telescope and its follow-up observations have detected 2,778 planets, including hot Jupiters, super-Earths, circumbinary planets, and planets located in the circumstellar habitable zones of their host stars. Kepler has detected over 3,601 unconfirmed planet candidates and 2,165 eclipsing binary stars.

Excerpted from Wikipedia · full article

Kepler-1009 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

2.17 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.194 R♃

Mass

5.35 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.017 M♃

Density

2.88 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

1.14 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.629

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016

Method Transit

Facility Kepler

Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1720of 1978

top 86.9%

This planet

2.17R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Kepler-1329 b 2.17 R⊕ Kepler-797 b 2.17 R⊕ Kepler-304 c 2.17 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Kepler-1009 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	2.17	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	5.35	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	2.88	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	1.14	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	11.56	0.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 164411478

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2105151526917259520

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2105151526917259520

System

Kepler-1009

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.170 R⊕ · percentile 13 / cohort 1978

Mass 5.350 M⊕ · percentile 13 / cohort 1978

Orbital period 11.35 d · percentile 39 / cohort 1946

Distance 355.02 pc · percentile 39 / cohort 1975

ESI 0.629 · percentile 86 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

11.350 days

Semi-major axis

0.0796 AU

Eccentricity

0.000

Inclination

89.95 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 11.35 Earth days (3.1% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0796 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.122 %

Duration

2.376 h

Impact parameter b

0.035

Rp / R★

0.035136

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,967.0454

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 1,221 ppm lasting ≈ 2.38 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.035136

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

39.210

Impact parameter (b)

0.035

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,967.0454

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.22400

Eq. Temperature

403K

(130 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

11.56

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.629

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Transit timing variations

Gravitational interactions from neighbours have been detected.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Morton et al. 2016

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2016-05

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2016 at Kepler (12 shown).

Kepler-1512 b · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-1410 b · Super-Earth Kepler-560 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1389 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1450 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1544 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1459 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1638 b · Super-Earth Kepler-737 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1185 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1178 b · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-1040 b · Sub-Neptune

Host System: Kepler-1009

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,027 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

3.16 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.570 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.590 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.12

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.700 dex

Stellar density

2.829 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

355.02 parsec

Light-years 1,157.92 ly

V-band magnitude

15.76 mag

Voyager-speed travel 20,419,843 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

2.790 mas

Total Proper Motion

17.663 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-5.52 mas/yr

PM Declination

16.78 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.164 · y = -0.717 · z = 0.678

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 282.85986° · Dec 42.66583°

Galactic ℓ, b

72.293° · 18.001°

Ecliptic λ, β

292.859° · 65.088°

HTM-20 index

594270984

Wikipedia → Image: Wikimedia Commons · NASA Ames/JPL-Caltech · Public domain

Similar Worlds

Kepler-1329 b

Sub-Neptune · K-type orange

Radius 2.17 R⊕ · 1,917.9 ly

Kepler-304 c

Sub-Neptune · K-type orange

Radius 2.17 R⊕ · 1,417.7 ly

Kepler-102 e

Sub-Neptune · K-type orange

Radius 2.17 R⊕ · 351.6 ly

HD 20781 c

Sub-Neptune · K-type orange

Radius 2.17 R⊕ · 117.3 ly

Kepler-1653 b

Sub-Neptune · K-type orange

Radius 2.17 R⊕ · 2,462.5 ly

TOI-904 c

Sub-Neptune · K-type orange

Radius 2.17 R⊕ · 150.3 ly

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