Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2009

HD 40307 d

A unclassified orbiting the k-type orange HD 40307, located approximately 42.2 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A mass of 1,775.39 Earth masses
  • An orbital period of 20.432 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1321 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 541 K (268 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 42.19 light-years
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 744,065 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

3 siblings around HD 40307

HD 40307 d shares its host star with 3 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
HD 40307 b Unclassified 1,189.00 4.312 910 2009
HD 40307 c Unclassified 1,868.51 9.618 696 2009
HD 40307 d this Unclassified 1,775.39 20.432 541 2009
HD 40307 f Sub-Neptune 2.13 5.20 51.760 398 2013

HD 40307 d Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
R♃
Mass
1,775.39 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
5.586 M♃
Density
g/cm³
Surface Gravity
g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Unclassified

ESI Score
HZ Position Unknown
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2009
Method Radial Velocity
Facility La Silla Observatory
Telescope 3.6 m ESO Telescope
Metric Earth HD 40307 d Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0011.21
Mass (M⊕)1.001,775.39317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.511.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.002.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 1,775.389 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).
Minimum mass (M sin i) 9.500 M⊕ Lower bound from radial-velocity fitting.

Star Catalogue Identifiers

HD

HD 40307

HIP

HIP 27887

TIC

TIC 374859347

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 4758877919212831104

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 4758877919212831104

System

HD 40307

Percentile among Unclassified cohort

Mass 1,775.389 M⊕ · percentile 52 / cohort 42
Orbital period 20.43 d · percentile 47 / cohort 43
Distance 12.94 pc · percentile 0 / cohort 43

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
20.432 days
Semi-major axis
0.1321 AU
Eccentricity
0.070
Inclination
0.29 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 20.43 Earth days (5.6% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1321 AU.

Eq. Temperature

541K

(268 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Insufficient insolation data — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Mayor et al. 2009

Instrument

HARPS Spectrograph

Publication

2009-01

Observation locale

Ground

Host System: HD 40307

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,956 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

4.50 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.717 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.770 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.31

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.470 dex

Stellar density

3.026 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

31.33 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

1.00 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
12.94 parsec
Light-years 42.19 ly
V-band magnitude
7.17 mag
Voyager-speed travel 744,065 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

4.68.18.11B7.17V6.84Gaia6.25TESS5.41J4.97H4.79K4.80W14.61W24.79W34.74W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

77.273 mas

Total Proper Motion

79.790 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-52.42 mas/yr

PM Declination

-60.15 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.013 · y = 0.499 · z = -0.866

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 88.51722° · Dec -60.02373°

Galactic ℓ, b

268.815° · -30.341°

Ecliptic λ, β

83.508° · -83.430°

HTM-20 index

-1668356410

Observation Record

Photometric series

1

RV measurements

1

Stellar spectra

1

Archive notes

1

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