Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2021

HD 68988 c

A gas giant orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) HD 68988, located approximately 198.4 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 12.20 Earth radii
  • A mass of 4,776.96 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 32.09 g
  • An orbital period of 16,000.000 days
  • Semi-major axis 13.2000 AU
  • Distance from Earth 198.45 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.327
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 3,499,642 years

1 sibling around HD 68988

HD 68988 c shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
HD 68988 b Gas Giant 13.40 626.13 6.277 2001
HD 68988 c this Gas Giant 12.20 4,776.96 16,000.000 2021

HD 68988 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
12.20 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
1.090 R♃
Mass
4,776.96 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
15.030 M♃
Density
14.50 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
32.09 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.327
HZ Position Unknown
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2021
Method Radial Velocity
Facility Multiple Observatories
Telescope Multiple Telescopes

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1410of 1771

top 79.6%

This planet

12.20R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth HD 68988 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0012.2011.21
Mass (M⊕)1.004,776.96317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.5114.501.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.0032.092.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 4,776.961 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).
Minimum mass (M sin i) 4,767.426 M⊕ Lower bound from radial-velocity fitting.

Star Catalogue Identifiers

HD

HD 68988

HIP

HIP 40687

TIC

TIC 73312938

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 1090159839002347136

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 1090159839002347136

System

HD 68988

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 12.200 R⊕ · percentile 19 / cohort 1771
Mass 4,776.961 M⊕ · percentile 94 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 16,000.00 d · percentile 97 / cohort 1533
Distance 60.84 pc · percentile 25 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.327 · percentile 65 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
16,000.000 days
Semi-major axis
13.2000 AU
Eccentricity
0.450
Inclination
93.00 °

Year Length

A year here lasts about 43.81 Earth years on a highly eccentric trajectory at a mean orbital distance of 13.2000 AU.

Extended Orbital Architecture

RV semi-amplitude (K)

121.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,451,660.0000

Long. of periastron (ω)

-7.45°

Angular separation (arcsec)

217.00000

Eq. Temperature

 

Insolation (S⊕)

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.327

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Detection Signatures

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Astrometry

Positional wobble of the host star was measured.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Rosenthal et al. 2021

Instrument

Multiple Instruments

Publication

2021-07

Observation locale

Ground

Host System: HD 68988

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,883 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

6.00 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.256 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.172 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.31

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.309 dex

Stellar density

0.771 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-69.50 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

2.84 km/s

Activity index (log R'HK)

-5.040

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
60.84 parsec
Light-years 198.45 ly
V-band magnitude
8.20 mag
Voyager-speed travel 3,499,642 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

6.78.88.84B8.20V8.05Gaia7.63TESS7.06J6.81H6.74K6.72W16.71W26.76W36.71W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

16.407 mas

Total Proper Motion

131.851 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

128.33 mas/yr

PM Declination

30.27 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.271 · y = 0.393 · z = 0.878

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 124.59354° · Dec 61.46085°

Galactic ℓ, b

155.263° · 33.920°

Ecliptic λ, β

110.897° · 40.508°

HTM-20 index

-286599229

Observation Record

Photometric series

2

RV measurements

3

Stellar spectra

2

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