Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2018

K2-229 c

A sub-neptune orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) K2-229, located approximately 334.5 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.03 Earth radii
  • A mass of 7.00 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.70 g
  • An orbital period of 8.327 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0769 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 750 K (477 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 334.52 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.385
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 5,899,236 years

1 sibling around K2-229

K2-229 c shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
K2-229 b Rocky Terrestrial 1.00 2.55 0.584 1,818 2018
K2-229 c this Sub-Neptune 2.03 7.00 8.327 750 2018

K2-229 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.03 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.181 R♃
Mass
7.00 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.022 M♃
Density
5.10 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.70 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.385
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2018
Method Transit
Facility K2
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1915of 1978

top 96.8%

This planet

2.03R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth K2-229 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.0311.21
Mass (M⊕)1.007.00317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.515.101.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.702.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0066.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 7.000 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 98720809

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 3583630929786305280

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 3583630934082556416

System

K2-229

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.030 R⊕ · percentile 3 / cohort 1978
Mass 7.000 M⊕ · percentile 40 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 8.33 d · percentile 27 / cohort 1946
Distance 102.56 pc · percentile 20 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.385 · percentile 49 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
8.327 days
Semi-major axis
0.0769 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
87.94 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 8.33 Earth days (2.3% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0769 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.053 %

Duration

2.500 h

Impact parameter b

0.390

Rp / R★

0.023600

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,457,586.3431

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 533 ppm lasting ≈ 2.50 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.023600

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

24.900

Impact parameter (b)

0.390

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,457,586.3431

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.75000

Eq. Temperature

750K

(477 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

66.00

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.385

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Mayo et al. 2018

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2018-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: K2-229

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,315 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

5.40 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.790 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.870 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.09

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.590 dex

Stellar density

2.380 g/cm³

Rotational v·sin i

2.46 km/s

Rotation period

18.10 days

Activity index (log R'HK)

-4.603

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
102.56 parsec
Light-years 334.52 ly
V-band magnitude
10.99 mag
Voyager-speed travel 5,899,236 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 12 bands

8.612.012.05B10.99V10.79Gaia10.96Kepler10.25TESS9.52J9.13H9.05K8.97W19.04W28.99W38.62W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

9.723 mas

Total Proper Motion

81.227 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-80.89 mas/yr

PM Declination

7.43 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.986 · y = -0.119 · z = -0.117

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 186.87292° · Dec -6.72185°

Galactic ℓ, b

292.352° · 55.657°

Ecliptic λ, β

188.964° · -3.447°

HTM-20 index

827102690

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