Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2016

K2-38 b

A super-earth orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) K2-38, located approximately 628.5 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 1.54 Earth radii
  • A mass of 7.30 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 3.08 g
  • An orbital period of 4.016 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0499 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,266 K (993 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 628.47 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.200
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 11,083,068 years

1 sibling around K2-38

K2-38 b shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
K2-38 b this Super-Earth 1.54 7.30 4.016 1,266 2016
K2-38 c Sub-Neptune 2.29 8.30 10.561 916 2016

K2-38 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
1.54 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.137 R♃
Mass
7.30 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.023 M♃
Density
11.00 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
3.08 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.200
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016
Method Transit
Facility K2
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#670of 1176

top 56.9%

This planet

1.54R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth K2-38 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.001.5411.21
Mass (M⊕)1.007.30317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.5111.001.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.003.082.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00426.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 7.300 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 12666215

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 6237129658760381056

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 6237129658760381056

System

K2-38

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.540 R⊕ · percentile 42 / cohort 1176
Mass 7.300 M⊕ · percentile 95 / cohort 1176
Orbital period 4.02 d · percentile 31 / cohort 1164
Distance 192.69 pc · percentile 24 / cohort 1171
ESI 0.200 · percentile 12 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
4.016 days
Semi-major axis
0.0499 AU
Eccentricity
0.197
Inclination
88.36 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 4.02 Earth days (1.1% of a terrestrial year) on a mildly elliptical path at a mean orbital distance of 0.0499 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.026 %

Duration

2.740 h

Impact parameter b

0.480

Rp / R★

0.013300

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,456,896.8786

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 261 ppm lasting ≈ 2.74 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.013300

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

10.130

Impact parameter (b)

0.480

RV semi-amplitude (K)

2.950 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,456,896.8786

Long. of periastron (ω)

16.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.25900

Eq. Temperature

1,266K

(993 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

426.00

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.200

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Sinukoff et al. 2016

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2016-08

Observation locale

Space

Host System: K2-38

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,731 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

6.70 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.060 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.030 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.26

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.380 dex

Stellar density

1.210 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-35.33 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

2.00 km/s

Activity index (log R'HK)

-5.060

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
192.69 parsec
Light-years 628.47 ly
V-band magnitude
11.34 mag
Voyager-speed travel 11,083,068 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 12 bands

8.512.312.34B11.34V11.18Gaia11.21Kepler10.66TESS9.91J9.60H9.47K9.42W19.47W29.36W38.53W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

5.162 mas

Total Proper Motion

68.273 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-56.97 mas/yr

PM Declination

-37.63 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.459 · y = -0.796 · z = -0.394

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 240.03331° · Dec -23.18942°

Galactic ℓ, b

349.629° · 22.121°

Ecliptic λ, β

242.635° · -2.552°

HTM-20 index

682796070

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