Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2016

K2-38 c

A sub-neptune orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) K2-38, located approximately 628.5 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.29 Earth radii
  • A mass of 8.30 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.58 g
  • An orbital period of 10.561 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0951 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 916 K (643 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 628.47 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.296
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 11,083,068 years

1 sibling around K2-38

K2-38 c shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
K2-38 b Super-Earth 1.54 7.30 4.016 1,266 2016
K2-38 c this Sub-Neptune 2.29 8.30 10.561 916 2016

K2-38 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.29 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.204 R♃
Mass
8.30 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.026 M♃
Density
3.80 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.58 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.296
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016
Method Transit
Facility K2
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1519of 1978

top 76.7%

This planet

2.29R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth K2-38 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.2911.21
Mass (M⊕)1.008.30317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.513.801.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.582.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00117.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 8.300 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 12666215

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 6237129658760381056

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 6237129658760381056

System

K2-38

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.290 R⊕ · percentile 23 / cohort 1978
Mass 8.300 M⊕ · percentile 57 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 10.56 d · percentile 36 / cohort 1946
Distance 192.69 pc · percentile 29 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.296 · percentile 27 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
10.561 days
Semi-major axis
0.0951 AU
Eccentricity
0.161
Inclination
87.68 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 10.56 Earth days (2.9% of a terrestrial year) on a mildly elliptical path at a mean orbital distance of 0.0951 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.048 %

Duration

2.380 h

Impact parameter b

0.640

Rp / R★

0.020000

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,456,900.4752

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 484 ppm lasting ≈ 2.38 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.020000

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

19.300

Impact parameter (b)

0.640

RV semi-amplitude (K)

2.410 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,456,900.4752

Long. of periastron (ω)

153.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.49400

Eq. Temperature

916K

(643 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

117.00

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.296

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Sinukoff et al. 2016

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2016-08

Observation locale

Space

Host System: K2-38

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,731 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

6.70 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.060 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.030 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.26

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.380 dex

Stellar density

1.210 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-35.33 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

2.00 km/s

Activity index (log R'HK)

-5.060

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
192.69 parsec
Light-years 628.47 ly
V-band magnitude
11.34 mag
Voyager-speed travel 11,083,068 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 12 bands

8.512.312.34B11.34V11.18Gaia11.21Kepler10.66TESS9.91J9.60H9.47K9.42W19.47W29.36W38.53W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

5.162 mas

Total Proper Motion

68.273 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-56.97 mas/yr

PM Declination

-37.63 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.459 · y = -0.796 · z = -0.394

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 240.03331° · Dec -23.18942°

Galactic ℓ, b

349.629° · 22.121°

Ecliptic λ, β

242.635° · -2.552°

HTM-20 index

682796070

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