Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 0.51 Earth radii
A mass of 0.09 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 0.33 g
An orbital period of 4.612 days
Semi-major axis 0.0530 AU
Equilibrium temperature 1,032 K (759 °C)
Distance from Earth 789.27 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.254
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 13,918,743 years

Kepler-1994 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

0.51 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.046 R♃

Mass

0.09 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.000 M♃

Density

3.60 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

0.33 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Rocky Terrestrial

ESI Score 0.254

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2023

Method Transit

Facility Kepler

Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#560of 570

top 98.1%

This planet

0.51R⊕

Rocky Terrestrial median

1.01R⊕

Nearest-size peers

KOI-4777.01 0.51 R⊕ Kepler-1489 c 0.51 R⊕ Kepler-1308 b 0.52 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Kepler-1994 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	0.51	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	0.09	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	3.60	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	0.33	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	268.27	0.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 273043474

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2080271674728481280

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2080271674728481280

System

Kepler-1994

Percentile among Rocky Terrestrial cohort

Radius 0.510 R⊕ · percentile 1 / cohort 570

Mass 0.087 M⊕ · percentile 1 / cohort 570

Orbital period 4.61 d · percentile 51 / cohort 567

Distance 241.99 pc · percentile 34 / cohort 566

ESI 0.254 · percentile 26 / cohort 570

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

4.612 days

Semi-major axis

0.0530 AU

Eccentricity

0.000

Inclination

89.95 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 4.61 Earth days (1.3% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0530 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.003 %

Duration

2.695 h

Impact parameter b

0.012

Rp / R★

0.004852

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,966.8613

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 29 ppm lasting ≈ 2.70 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.004852

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

13.150

Impact parameter (b)

0.012

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,966.8613

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.21900

Eq. Temperature

1,032K

(759 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

268.27

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.254

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Valizadegan et al. 2023

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2023-05

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2023 at Kepler (12 shown).

Kepler-1126 c · Super-Earth Kepler-2000 c · Super-Earth Kepler-1052 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-311 d · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1996 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1162 c · Super-Earth Kepler-1996 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1610 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1801 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1995 b · Neptune-like Kepler-1992 b · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-1986 b · Super-Earth

Host System: Kepler-1994

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,495 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

5.01 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.961 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.932 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.16

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.442 dex

Stellar density

2.023 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

241.99 parsec

Light-years 789.27 ly

V-band magnitude

12.01 mag

Voyager-speed travel 13,918,743 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

4.104 mas

Total Proper Motion

2.828 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-2.49 mas/yr

PM Declination

-1.34 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.315 · y = -0.615 · z = 0.723

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 297.14879° · Dec 46.29692°

Galactic ℓ, b

80.057° · 10.246°

Ecliptic λ, β

318.744° · 65.207°

HTM-20 index

-2141383939