Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2014

Kepler-278 c

A sub-neptune orbiting the k-type orange Kepler-278, located approximately 1,445.0 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 3.27 Earth radii
  • A mass of 34.90 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 3.27 g
  • An orbital period of 51.111 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.2870 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 492 K (219 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,444.97 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.515
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 25,482,026 years

1 sibling around Kepler-278

Kepler-278 c shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-278 b Sub-Neptune 3.96 56.00 30.156 586 2014
Kepler-278 c this Sub-Neptune 3.27 34.90 51.111 492 2014

Kepler-278 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
3.27 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.292 R♃
Mass
34.90 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.110 M♃
Density
5.50 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
3.27 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.515
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#303of 1978

top 15.3%

This planet

3.27R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-278 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.003.2711.21
Mass (M⊕)1.0034.90317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.515.501.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.003.272.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0054.300.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 34.900 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 122225232

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2052881912366613376

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2052881912366613376

System

Kepler-278

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 3.268 R⊕ · percentile 85 / cohort 1978
Mass 34.900 M⊕ · percentile 97 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 51.11 d · percentile 86 / cohort 1946
Distance 443.03 pc · percentile 44 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.515 · percentile 72 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
51.111 days
Semi-major axis
0.2870 AU
Eccentricity
0.616
Inclination
88.58 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 51.11 Earth days (14.0% of a terrestrial year) on a highly eccentric trajectory at a mean orbital distance of 0.2870 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.014 %

Duration

11.233 h

Impact parameter b

0.270

Rp / R★

0.010460

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,455,700.4118

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 142 ppm lasting ≈ 11.23 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.010460

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

21.541

Impact parameter (b)

0.270

RV semi-amplitude (K)

6.700 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,455,700.4118

Long. of periastron (ω)

20.80°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.64800

Eq. Temperature

492K

(219 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

54.30

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.515

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Transit timing variations

Gravitational interactions from neighbours have been detected.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Rowe et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-278

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,965 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

5.76 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

2.861 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.227 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.22

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

3.580 dex

Stellar density

0.072 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-46.98 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

2.50 km/s

Activity index (log R'HK)

-5.310

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
443.03 parsec
Light-years 1,444.97 ly
V-band magnitude
11.81 mag
Voyager-speed travel 25,482,026 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 17 bands

8.715.915.91U12.79B11.81V11.53Gaia11.58Kepler10.92TESS14.80Sloan g12.74Sloan r13.20Sloan i13.47Sloan z10.05J9.58H9.47K9.39W19.46W29.30W38.69W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

2.229 mas

Total Proper Motion

9.331 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

2.64 mas/yr

PM Declination

8.95 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.268 · y = -0.733 · z = 0.625

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 290.10721° · Dec 38.70227°

Galactic ℓ, b

70.772° · 11.390°

Ecliptic λ, β

302.341° · 59.904°

HTM-20 index

1745041340

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