Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 0.85 Earth radii
A mass of 2.71 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 3.75 g
An orbital period of 4.623 days
Semi-major axis 0.0553 AU
Equilibrium temperature 1,050 K (777 °C)
Distance from Earth 1,187.31 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.220
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 20,938,135 years

1 sibling around Kepler-406

Kepler-406 c shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet	Type	Radius (R⊕)	Mass (M⊕)	Period (d)	Eq. T (K)	Year
Kepler-406 b	Super-Earth	1.43	6.35	2.426	1,302	2014
Kepler-406 c this	Rocky Terrestrial	0.85	2.71	4.623	1,050	2014

Kepler-406 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

0.85 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.076 R♃

Mass

2.71 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.009 M♃

Density

24.39 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

3.75 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Rocky Terrestrial

ESI Score 0.220

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014

Method Transit

Facility Kepler

Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#454of 570

top 79.5%

This planet

0.85R⊕

Rocky Terrestrial median

1.01R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Kepler-1385 b 0.85 R⊕ Kepler-1876 b 0.85 R⊕ Kepler-131 c 0.84 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Kepler-406 c	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	0.85	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	2.71	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	24.39	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	3.75	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	349.77	0.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method	Value	Interpretation
Best measured mass	2.710 M⊕	Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 63066101

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2126601108991279872

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2126601108991279872

System

Kepler-406

Percentile among Rocky Terrestrial cohort

Radius 0.850 R⊕ · percentile 20 / cohort 570

Mass 2.710 M⊕ · percentile 93 / cohort 570

Orbital period 4.62 d · percentile 51 / cohort 567

Distance 364.03 pc · percentile 49 / cohort 566

ESI 0.220 · percentile 17 / cohort 570

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

4.623 days

Semi-major axis

0.0553 AU

Eccentricity

0.000

Inclination

87.96 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 4.62 Earth days (1.3% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0553 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.006 %

Duration

3.036 h

Impact parameter b

0.360

Rp / R★

0.007261

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,965.3744

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 62 ppm lasting ≈ 3.04 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.007261

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

10.180

Impact parameter (b)

0.360

RV semi-amplitude (K)

1.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,965.3744

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.15200

Eq. Temperature

1,050K

(777 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

349.77

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.220

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Marcy et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-02

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2014 at Kepler (12 shown).

Kepler-186 e · Super-Earth Kepler-395 c · Super-Earth Kepler-220 e · Super-Earth Kepler-249 d · Super-Earth Kepler-296 f · Super-Earth Kepler-367 c · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-296 e · Super-Earth Kepler-155 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-138 d · Super-Earth Kepler-333 c · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-331 d · Super-Earth Kepler-267 d · Sub-Neptune

Host System: Kepler-406

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,538 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

5.84 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.070 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.070 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.18

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.409 dex

Stellar density

1.120 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-57.13 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

0.40 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

364.03 parsec

Light-years 1,187.31 ly

V-band magnitude

12.60 mag

Voyager-speed travel 20,938,135 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

2.718 mas

Total Proper Motion

17.805 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

16.93 mas/yr

PM Declination

5.51 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.263 · y = -0.657 · z = 0.707

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 291.84818° · Dec 44.96828°

Galactic ℓ, b

77.124° · 12.937°

Ecliptic λ, β

309.323° · 65.452°

HTM-20 index

1352270223