Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 2.37 Earth radii
A mass of 6.21 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 1.11 g
An orbital period of 21.385 days
Semi-major axis 0.1408 AU
Equilibrium temperature 574 K (301 °C)
Distance from Earth 1,661.46 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.447
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 29,299,929 years

Kepler-651 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

2.37 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.211 R♃

Mass

6.21 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.020 M♃

Density

2.56 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

1.11 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.447

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016

Method Transit

Facility Kepler

Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1375of 1978

top 69.5%

This planet

2.37R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Kepler-81 c 2.37 R⊕ K2-18 b 2.37 R⊕ Kepler-125 b 2.37 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Kepler-651 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	2.37	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	6.21	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	2.56	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	1.11	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	27.22	0.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 158415898

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2130322955850385280

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2130322955850385280

System

Kepler-651

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.370 R⊕ · percentile 30 / cohort 1978

Mass 6.210 M⊕ · percentile 29 / cohort 1978

Orbital period 21.39 d · percentile 65 / cohort 1946

Distance 509.41 pc · percentile 47 / cohort 1975

ESI 0.447 · percentile 62 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

21.385 days

Semi-major axis

0.1408 AU

Eccentricity

0.000

Inclination

89.16 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 21.39 Earth days (5.9% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1408 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.067 %

Duration

4.031 h

Impact parameter b

0.518

Rp / R★

0.024856

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,455,011.7812

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 669 ppm lasting ≈ 4.03 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.024856

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

35.360

Impact parameter (b)

0.518

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,455,011.7812

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.27600

Eq. Temperature

574K

(301 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

27.22

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.447

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Transit timing variations

Gravitational interactions from neighbours have been detected.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Morton et al. 2016

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2016-05

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2016 at Kepler (12 shown).

Kepler-1512 b · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-1410 b · Super-Earth Kepler-560 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1389 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1450 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1544 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1459 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1638 b · Super-Earth Kepler-737 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1185 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1178 b · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-1040 b · Sub-Neptune

Host System: Kepler-651

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,522 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

3.55 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.870 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.920 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.04

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.530 dex

Stellar density

1.340 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

509.41 parsec

Light-years 1,661.46 ly

V-band magnitude

14.23 mag

Voyager-speed travel 29,299,929 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.934 mas

Total Proper Motion

21.566 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-8.62 mas/yr

PM Declination

-19.77 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.206 · y = -0.661 · z = 0.722

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 287.33273° · Dec 46.20344°

Galactic ℓ, b

76.962° · 16.325°

Ecliptic λ, β

302.870° · 67.674°

HTM-20 index

-1706184230