Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2014

Kepler-98 b

A super-earth orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) Kepler-98, located approximately 1,142.6 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 1.99 Earth radii
  • A mass of 3.55 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 0.90 g
  • An orbital period of 1.542 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0261 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,592 K (1319 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,142.57 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.152
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 20,149,281 years

Kepler-98 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
1.99 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.178 R♃
Mass
3.55 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.011 M♃
Density
2.18 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
0.90 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.152
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#4of 1176

top 0.3%

This planet

1.99R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-98 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.001.9911.21
Mass (M⊕)1.003.55317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.512.181.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.000.902.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.001,107.390.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 3.550 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).
Minimum mass (M sin i) 2.072 M⊕ Lower bound from radial-velocity fitting.

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 120629799

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2099862910348755712

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2099862910348755712

System

Kepler-98

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.990 R⊕ · percentile 98 / cohort 1176
Mass 3.550 M⊕ · percentile 60 / cohort 1176
Orbital period 1.54 d · percentile 9 / cohort 1164
Distance 350.32 pc · percentile 36 / cohort 1171
ESI 0.152 · percentile 5 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
1.542 days
Semi-major axis
0.0261 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
86.47 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 1.54 Earth days (0.4% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0261 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.030 %

Duration

1.987 h

Impact parameter b

0.560

Rp / R★

0.016377

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,455,003.5433

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 297 ppm lasting ≈ 1.99 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.016377

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

5.100

Impact parameter (b)

0.560

RV semi-amplitude (K)

1.820 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,455,003.5433

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.07460

Eq. Temperature

1,592K

(1319 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

1,107.39

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.152

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Marcy et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-02

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-98

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,539 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

2.79 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.110 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.990 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.18

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.341 dex

Stellar density

1.120 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-30.98 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

0.50 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
350.32 parsec
Light-years 1,142.57 ly
V-band magnitude
13.00 mag
Voyager-speed travel 20,149,281 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.214.214.18B13.00V12.87Gaia12.90Kepler12.37TESS13.42Sloan g12.84Sloan r12.68Sloan i12.62Sloan z11.67J11.32H11.25K11.23W111.28W211.34W39.16W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

2.826 mas

Total Proper Motion

17.989 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

8.86 mas/yr

PM Declination

15.66 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.213 · y = -0.759 · z = 0.615

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 285.66169° · Dec 37.96457°

Galactic ℓ, b

68.595° · 14.253°

Ecliptic λ, β

295.221° · 60.040°

HTM-20 index

642639897

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