Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2016

Kepler-993 b

A sub-neptune orbiting the k-type orange Kepler-993, located approximately 1,058.1 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.97 Earth radii
  • A mass of 9.11 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.03 g
  • An orbital period of 22.086 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1300 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 352 K (79 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,058.13 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.620
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 18,660,035 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

Kepler-993 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.97 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.265 R♃
Mass
9.11 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.029 M♃
Density
1.91 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.03 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.620
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#546of 1978

top 27.6%

This planet

2.97R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-993 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.9711.21
Mass (M⊕)1.009.11317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.511.911.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.032.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.003.950.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 63365721

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2126373303927596160

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2126373303927596160

System

Kepler-993

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.970 R⊕ · percentile 72 / cohort 1978
Mass 9.110 M⊕ · percentile 66 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 22.09 d · percentile 66 / cohort 1946
Distance 324.42 pc · percentile 37 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.620 · percentile 85 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
22.086 days
Semi-major axis
0.1300 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
89.41 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 22.09 Earth days (6.0% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1300 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.316 %

Duration

2.162 h

Impact parameter b

0.009

Rp / R★

0.049595

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,968.2313

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 3,157 ppm lasting ≈ 2.16 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.049595

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

81.910

Impact parameter (b)

0.009

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,968.2313

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.40100

Eq. Temperature

352K

(79 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

3.95

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.620

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — liquid water is physically possible with adequate atmospheric pressure. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Morton et al. 2016

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2016-05

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-993

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

3,843 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

3.89 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.540 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.570 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.03

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.720 dex

Stellar density

4.128 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
324.42 parsec
Light-years 1,058.13 ly
V-band magnitude
16.61 mag
Voyager-speed travel 18,660,035 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.218.318.34B16.61V15.92Gaia15.97Kepler14.90TESS17.51Sloan g16.11Sloan r15.31Sloan i14.87Sloan z13.59J12.89H12.73K12.65W112.68W212.77W39.18W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

3.054 mas

Total Proper Motion

4.998 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

2.24 mas/yr

PM Declination

4.47 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.275 · y = -0.660 · z = 0.700

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 292.61411° · Dec 44.39466°

Galactic ℓ, b

76.839° · 12.196°

Ecliptic λ, β

310.044° · 64.721°

HTM-20 index

-740046819

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