Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2023

TOI-2416 b

A neptune-like orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) TOI-2416, located approximately 1,819.1 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 9.86 Earth radii
  • A mass of 953.49 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 9.80 g
  • An orbital period of 8.275 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0831 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,080 K (807 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,819.08 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.174
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 32,079,468 years

TOI-2416 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
9.86 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.880 R♃
Mass
953.49 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
3.000 M♃
Density
5.40 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
9.80 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Neptune-like

ESI Score 0.174
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2023
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#12of 574

top 1.9%

This planet

9.86R⊕

Neptune-like median

6.39R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-2416 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.009.8611.21
Mass (M⊕)1.00953.49317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.515.401.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.009.802.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00130.930.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 953.485 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 237922465

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 4680527991927519744

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 4680527991927519744

System

TOI-2416

Percentile among Neptune-like cohort

Radius 9.864 R⊕ · percentile 98 / cohort 574
Mass 953.485 M⊕ · percentile 98 / cohort 574
Orbital period 8.28 d · percentile 32 / cohort 524
Distance 557.73 pc · percentile 58 / cohort 572
ESI 0.174 · percentile 21 / cohort 574

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
8.275 days
Semi-major axis
0.0831 AU
Eccentricity
0.320
Inclination
90.00 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 8.28 Earth days (2.3% of a terrestrial year) on a highly eccentric trajectory at a mean orbital distance of 0.0831 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.651 %

Duration

3.755 h

Rp / R★

0.073200

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,458,359.4884

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 6,510 ppm lasting ≈ 3.76 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.073200

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

14.400

RV semi-amplitude (K)

296.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,458,359.4884

Long. of periastron (ω)

30.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.14900

Eq. Temperature

1,080K

(807 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

130.93

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.174

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Eberhardt et al. 2023

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2023-12

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-2416

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,808 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

4.90 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.236 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.118 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.32

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.303 dex

Stellar density

0.835 g/cm³

Rotational v·sin i

2.40 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
557.73 parsec
Light-years 1,819.08 ly
V-band magnitude
13.02 mag
Voyager-speed travel 32,079,468 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

9.013.713.74B13.02V12.89Gaia12.43TESS11.82J11.54H11.51K11.43W111.48W211.39W39.04W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.764 mas

Total Proper Motion

13.343 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

8.64 mas/yr

PM Declination

-10.16 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.263 · y = 0.411 · z = -0.873

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 57.33894° · Dec -60.78719°

Galactic ℓ, b

273.975° · -45.065°

Ecliptic λ, β

6.450° · -74.629°

HTM-20 index

-1815200451

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