Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2024

TOI-2981 b

A gas giant orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) TOI-2981, located approximately 1,721.4 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 13.40 Earth radii
  • A mass of 638.00 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 3.55 g
  • An orbital period of 3.602 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0480 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,358 K (1085 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,721.42 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.109
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 30,357,160 years

TOI-2981 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
13.40 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
1.195 R♃
Mass
638.00 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
2.007 M♃
Density
1.46 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
3.55 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.109
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2024
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#730of 1771

top 41.2%

This planet

13.40R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-2981 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0013.4011.21
Mass (M⊕)1.00638.00317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.511.461.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.003.552.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00556.620.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 638.000 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 287145649

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 5458258092906639232

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 5458258092906639232

System

TOI-2981

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 13.400 R⊕ · percentile 56 / cohort 1771
Mass 638.000 M⊕ · percentile 55 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 3.60 d · percentile 24 / cohort 1533
Distance 527.79 pc · percentile 76 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.109 · percentile 29 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
3.602 days
Semi-major axis
0.0480 AU
Eccentricity
0.035
Inclination
87.98 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 3.60 Earth days (1.0% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0480 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

1.363 %

Duration

3.070 h

Impact parameter b

0.340

Rp / R★

0.114000

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,459,302.7195

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 13,630 ppm lasting ≈ 3.07 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.114000

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

9.510

Impact parameter (b)

0.340

RV semi-amplitude (K)

260.600 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,459,302.7195

Long. of periastron (ω)

28.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.09090

Eq. Temperature

1,358K

(1085 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

556.62

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.109

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Mantovan et al. 2024

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2024-09

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-2981

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,940 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

4.50 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.080 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.030 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.11

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.280 dex

Stellar density

1.255 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

9.31 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

3.40 km/s

Rotation period

18.30 days

Activity index (log R'HK)

-5.090

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
527.79 parsec
Light-years 1,721.42 ly
V-band magnitude
13.36 mag
Voyager-speed travel 30,357,160 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

9.114.013.98B13.36V13.19Gaia12.75TESS12.10J11.86H11.78K11.72W111.74W211.57W39.08W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.866 mas

Total Proper Motion

19.270 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-7.23 mas/yr

PM Declination

17.86 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.865 · y = 0.256 · z = -0.431

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 163.48739° · Dec -25.52460°

Galactic ℓ, b

272.118° · 30.225°

Ecliptic λ, β

175.771° · -29.826°

HTM-20 index

-186946323

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