Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2023

TOI-5678 b

A neptune-like orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) TOI-5678, located approximately 539.4 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 4.91 Earth radii
  • A mass of 20.00 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 0.83 g
  • An orbital period of 47.730 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.2490 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 513 K (240 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 539.44 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.361
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 9,513,010 years

TOI-5678 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
4.91 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.438 R♃
Mass
20.00 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.063 M♃
Density
0.93 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
0.83 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Neptune-like

ESI Score 0.361
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2023
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#397of 574

top 69.0%

This planet

4.91R⊕

Neptune-like median

6.39R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-5678 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.004.9111.21
Mass (M⊕)1.0020.00317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.510.931.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.000.832.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.003.840.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 20.000 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 209464063

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 5048310370810634624

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 5048310370810634624

System

TOI-5678

Percentile among Neptune-like cohort

Radius 4.910 R⊕ · percentile 31 / cohort 574
Mass 20.000 M⊕ · percentile 29 / cohort 574
Orbital period 47.73 d · percentile 69 / cohort 524
Distance 165.39 pc · percentile 35 / cohort 572
ESI 0.361 · percentile 65 / cohort 574

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
47.730 days
Semi-major axis
0.2490 AU
Eccentricity
0.140
Inclination
89.83 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 47.73 Earth days (13.1% of a terrestrial year) on a mildly elliptical path at a mean orbital distance of 0.2490 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.240 %

Duration

6.960 h

Impact parameter b

0.170

Rp / R★

0.048000

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,458,424.7059

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 2,400 ppm lasting ≈ 6.96 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.048000

Impact parameter (b)

0.170

RV semi-amplitude (K)

3.800 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,458,424.7059

Long. of periastron (ω)

208.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

1.51000

Eq. Temperature

513K

(240 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

3.84

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.361

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Ulmer Moll et al. 2023

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2023-06

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-5678

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,485 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

8.50 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.938 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.905 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.00

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.340 dex

Stellar density

1.551 g/cm³

Rotational v·sin i

3.10 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
165.39 parsec
Light-years 539.44 ly
V-band magnitude
11.44 mag
Voyager-speed travel 9,513,010 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

9.412.012.03B11.44V11.15Gaia10.67TESS10.00J9.67H9.56K9.53W19.59W29.55W39.43W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

6.017 mas

Total Proper Motion

89.320 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-5.57 mas/yr

PM Declination

-89.15 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.560 · y = 0.609 · z = -0.562

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 47.38419° · Dec -34.19848°

Galactic ℓ, b

234.944° · -59.627°

Ecliptic λ, β

30.874° · -49.270°

HTM-20 index

-1098475732

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