Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2016

K2-34 b

A gas giant orbiting the f-type yellow-white K2-34, located approximately 1,137.1 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 13.75 Earth radii
  • A mass of 539.68 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 2.85 g
  • An orbital period of 2.996 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0442 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,687 K (1414 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,137.13 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.077
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 20,053,284 years

K2-34 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
13.75 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
1.227 R♃
Mass
539.68 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
1.698 M♃
Density
0.94 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
2.85 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.077
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016
Method Transit
Facility K2
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#551of 1771

top 31.1%

This planet

13.75R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth K2-34 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0013.7511.21
Mass (M⊕)1.00539.68317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.510.941.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.002.852.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00963.570.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 539.675 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 178217113

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 665757593450097920

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 665757593450097920

System

K2-34

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 13.750 R⊕ · percentile 69 / cohort 1771
Mass 539.675 M⊕ · percentile 51 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 3.00 d · percentile 16 / cohort 1533
Distance 348.65 pc · percentile 65 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.077 · percentile 17 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
2.996 days
Semi-major axis
0.0442 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
82.23 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 3.00 Earth days (0.8% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0442 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.749 %

Duration

2.477 h

Impact parameter b

0.830

Rp / R★

0.088700

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,457,141.3515

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 7,493 ppm lasting ≈ 2.48 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.088700

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

6.680

Impact parameter (b)

0.830

RV semi-amplitude (K)

207.300 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,457,141.3515

Sky-projected obliquity (λ)

-1.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.12700

Eq. Temperature

1,687K

(1414 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

963.57

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.077

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Hirano et al. 2016

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2016-07

Observation locale

Space

Host System: K2-34

Spectral Class

F-type yellow-white

Effective Temperature

6,168 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

2.88 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.420 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.160 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.01

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.200 dex

Stellar density

0.675 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

46.31 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

6.31 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
348.65 parsec
Light-years 1,137.13 ly
V-band magnitude
11.45 mag
Voyager-speed travel 20,053,284 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 17 bands

8.315.215.22U12.02B11.45V11.44Gaia11.44Kepler11.05TESS12.01Sloan g11.48Sloan r11.39Sloan i13.97Sloan z10.53J10.26H10.19K10.17W110.21W210.16W38.34W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

2.840 mas

Total Proper Motion

14.234 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-14.20 mas/yr

PM Declination

1.05 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.564 · y = 0.734 · z = 0.378

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 127.57872° · Dec 22.23592°

Galactic ℓ, b

202.139° · 31.134°

Ecliptic λ, β

124.424° · 3.175°

HTM-20 index

1670403872

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