Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2016

K2-35 c

A super-earth orbiting the k-type orange K2-35, located approximately 823.9 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 1.93 Earth radii
  • A mass of 4.38 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.18 g
  • An orbital period of 5.608 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0550 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 766 K (493 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 823.86 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.364
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 14,528,718 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

1 sibling around K2-35

K2-35 c shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
K2-35 b Super-Earth 1.32 2.30 2.400 979 2016
K2-35 c this Super-Earth 1.93 4.38 5.608 766 2016

K2-35 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
1.93 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.172 R♃
Mass
4.38 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.014 M♃
Density
3.35 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.18 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.364
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016
Method Transit
Facility K2
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#85of 1176

top 7.1%

This planet

1.93R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth K2-35 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.001.9311.21
Mass (M⊕)1.004.38317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.513.351.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.182.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0068.000.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 363478257

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 3810609819552494976

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 3810609819552494976

System

K2-35

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.930 R⊕ · percentile 92 / cohort 1176
Mass 4.380 M⊕ · percentile 84 / cohort 1176
Orbital period 5.61 d · percentile 44 / cohort 1164
Distance 252.60 pc · percentile 28 / cohort 1171
ESI 0.364 · percentile 54 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
5.608 days
Semi-major axis
0.0550 AU
Eccentricity
0.120
Inclination
88.58 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 5.61 Earth days (1.5% of a terrestrial year) on a mildly elliptical path at a mean orbital distance of 0.0550 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.094 %

Duration

1.798 h

Impact parameter b

0.660

Rp / R★

0.028494

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,456,812.1190

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 938 ppm lasting ≈ 1.80 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.028494

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

19.100

Impact parameter (b)

0.660

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,456,812.1190

Long. of periastron (ω)

41.16°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.21800

Eq. Temperature

766K

(493 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

68.00

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.364

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Sinukoff et al. 2016

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2016-08

Observation locale

Space

Host System: K2-35

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,403 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

Stellar Radius

0.620 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.702 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.04

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.697 dex

Stellar density

2.027 g/cm³

Rotational v·sin i

3.00 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
252.60 parsec
Light-years 823.86 ly
V-band magnitude
14.17 mag
Voyager-speed travel 14,528,718 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 17 bands

9.017.617.57U15.58B14.17V13.92Gaia13.92Kepler13.19TESS14.99Sloan g13.87Sloan r13.47Sloan i13.25Sloan z12.14J11.56H11.42K11.38W111.46W211.60W38.97W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

3.930 mas

Total Proper Motion

19.966 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

4.41 mas/yr

PM Declination

-19.47 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.985 · y = 0.172 · z = 0.022

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 170.10310° · Dec 1.28587°

Galactic ℓ, b

258.929° · 56.174°

Ecliptic λ, β

170.396° · -2.738°

HTM-20 index

136658859

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