Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2016

Kepler-1228 b

A super-earth orbiting the k-type orange Kepler-1228, located approximately 1,681.2 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 1.54 Earth radii
  • A mass of 2.99 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.26 g
  • An orbital period of 0.577 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0119 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,757 K (1484 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,681.18 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.155
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 29,647,623 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

Kepler-1228 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
1.54 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.137 R♃
Mass
2.99 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.009 M♃
Density
4.50 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.26 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.155
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#670of 1176

top 56.9%

This planet

1.54R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-1228 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.001.5411.21
Mass (M⊕)1.002.99317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.514.501.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.262.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.001,598.660.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 272596598

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2080534148769345408

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2080534148769345408

System

Kepler-1228

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.540 R⊕ · percentile 42 / cohort 1176
Mass 2.990 M⊕ · percentile 38 / cohort 1176
Orbital period 0.58 d · percentile 2 / cohort 1164
Distance 515.45 pc · percentile 48 / cohort 1171
ESI 0.155 · percentile 5 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
0.577 days
Semi-major axis
0.0119 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
89.56 °

Year Length

A year here lasts roughly 13.9 hours long on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0119 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.040 %

Duration

1.096 h

Impact parameter b

0.710

Rp / R★

0.018680

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,965.4256

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 400 ppm lasting ≈ 1.10 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.018680

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

4.138

Impact parameter (b)

0.710

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,965.4256

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.02300

Eq. Temperature

1,757K

(1484 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

1,598.66

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.155

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Morton et al. 2016

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2016-05

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-1228

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

5,063 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

5.13 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.740 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.780 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.18

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.590 dex

Stellar density

2.230 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
515.45 parsec
Light-years 1,681.18 ly
V-band magnitude
15.06 mag
Voyager-speed travel 29,647,623 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.416.116.05B15.06V14.86Gaia14.86Kepler14.27TESS15.51Sloan g14.81Sloan r14.58Sloan i14.46Sloan z13.38J12.88H12.80K12.79W112.83W212.82W39.36W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.911 mas

Total Proper Motion

50.302 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-46.46 mas/yr

PM Declination

-19.28 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.305 · y = -0.610 · z = 0.731

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 296.55276° · Dec 46.96619°

Galactic ℓ, b

80.457° · 10.925°

Ecliptic λ, β

318.557° · 65.988°

HTM-20 index

-2045468186

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