Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 1.83 Earth radii
A mass of 4.02 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 1.19 g
An orbital period of 3.848 days
Semi-major axis 0.0495 AU
Equilibrium temperature 1,283 K (1010 °C)
Distance from Earth 4,134.58 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.212
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 72,913,345 years

Kepler-1691 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

1.83 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.164 R♃

Mass

4.02 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.013 M♃

Density

3.58 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

1.19 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.212

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2020

Method Transit

Facility Kepler

Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#220of 1176

top 18.6%

This planet

1.83R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

K2-111 b 1.84 R⊕ Kepler-1892 b 1.84 R⊕ TOI-1782.02 1.84 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Kepler-1691 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	1.83	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	4.02	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	3.58	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	1.19	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	641.53	0.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 120819731

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2100882501225436032

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2100882501225436032

System

Kepler-1691

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.835 R⊕ · percentile 81 / cohort 1176

Mass 4.020 M⊕ · percentile 74 / cohort 1176

Orbital period 3.85 d · percentile 30 / cohort 1164

Distance 1,267.67 pc · percentile 90 / cohort 1171

ESI 0.212 · percentile 15 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

3.848 days

Semi-major axis

0.0495 AU

Eccentricity

0.000

Inclination

88.47 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 3.85 Earth days (1.1% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0495 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.020 %

Duration

2.013 h

Impact parameter b

0.368

Rp / R★

0.013198

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,964.9203

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 204 ppm lasting ≈ 2.01 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.013198

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

12.830

Impact parameter (b)

0.368

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,964.9203

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.03900

Eq. Temperature

1,283K

(1010 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

641.53

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.212

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Armstrong et al. 2021

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2021-07

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2020 at Kepler (12 shown).

Kepler-1649 c · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-1701 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1690 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1700 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1684 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1678 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-598 c · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1661 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1663 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1681 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1672 b · Sub-Neptune Kepler-1702 b · Super-Earth

Host System: Kepler-1691

Spectral Class

F-type yellow-white

Effective Temperature

6,000 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

0.61 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.132 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.110 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.16

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.376 dex

Stellar density

1.080 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

1,267.67 parsec

Light-years 4,134.58 ly

V-band magnitude

14.89 mag

Voyager-speed travel 72,913,345 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

0.760 mas

Total Proper Motion

9.730 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-3.86 mas/yr

PM Declination

-8.93 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.211 · y = -0.724 · z = 0.656

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 286.25440° · Dec 41.02184°

Galactic ℓ, b

71.685° · 15.042°

Ecliptic λ, β

297.624° · 62.911°

HTM-20 index

1734816615