Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2023

Kepler-1991 b

A super-earth orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) Kepler-1991, located approximately 2,791.3 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 1.47 Earth radii
  • A mass of 2.76 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.28 g
  • An orbital period of 13.261 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1065 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 760 K (487 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 2,791.31 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.401
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 49,224,719 years

1 sibling around Kepler-1991

Kepler-1991 b shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-1991 b this Super-Earth 1.47 2.76 13.261 760 2023
Kepler-1991 c Sub-Neptune 2.57 7.13 22.790 634 2023

Kepler-1991 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
1.47 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.131 R♃
Mass
2.76 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.009 M♃
Density
4.77 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.28 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.401
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2023
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#802of 1176

top 68.1%

This planet

1.47R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-1991 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.001.4711.21
Mass (M⊕)1.002.76317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.514.771.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.282.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0078.790.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 164831457

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2106371744306291328

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2106371744306291328

System

Kepler-1991

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.470 R⊕ · percentile 31 / cohort 1176
Mass 2.760 M⊕ · percentile 29 / cohort 1176
Orbital period 13.26 d · percentile 73 / cohort 1164
Distance 855.82 pc · percentile 72 / cohort 1171
ESI 0.401 · percentile 60 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
13.261 days
Semi-major axis
0.1065 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
89.51 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 13.26 Earth days (3.6% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1065 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.020 %

Duration

3.912 h

Impact parameter b

0.220

Rp / R★

0.012760

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,972.0988

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 199 ppm lasting ≈ 3.91 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.012760

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

25.610

Impact parameter (b)

0.220

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,972.0988

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.12400

Eq. Temperature

760K

(487 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

78.79

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.401

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Valizadegan et al. 2023

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2023-05

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-1991

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,478 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

6.76 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.053 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.914 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.16

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.354 dex

Stellar density

1.807 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
855.82 parsec
Light-years 2,791.31 ly
V-band magnitude
15.05 mag
Voyager-speed travel 49,224,719 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 15 bands

9.315.315.05V14.72Gaia14.77Kepler14.22TESS15.29Sloan g14.69Sloan r14.54Sloan i14.46Sloan z13.54J13.19H13.07K12.99W113.03W212.73W39.33W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.140 mas

Total Proper Motion

15.107 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-7.94 mas/yr

PM Declination

-12.85 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.183 · y = -0.682 · z = 0.708

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 285.03605° · Dec 45.07099°

Galactic ℓ, b

75.239° · 17.395°

Ecliptic λ, β

298.026° · 67.053°

HTM-20 index

416626189

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