Key parameters at a glance
- A radius of 1.73 Earth radii
- A mass of 35.40 Earth masses
- Surface gravity around 11.83 g
- An orbital period of 10.065 days
- Semi-major axis 0.0740 AU
- Equilibrium temperature 488 K (215 °C)
- Distance from Earth 1,032.67 light-years
- Earth Similarity Index 0.455
- Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 18,211,110 years
- Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit
1 sibling around Kepler-231
Kepler-231 b shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.
| Planet | Type | Radius (R⊕) | Mass (M⊕) | Period (d) | Eq. T (K) | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kepler-231 b this | Super-Earth | 1.73 | 35.40 | 10.065 | 488 | 2014 |
| Kepler-231 c | Super-Earth | 1.93 | 24.10 | 19.272 | 393 | 2014 |
Kepler-231 b Planet Profile
Physical Specs
Classification
Planet Type
Super-Earth
Discovery
Size rank in cohort
Rank by radius
#356of 1176
top 30.2%
This planet
1.73R⊕
Super-Earth median
1.60R⊕
Nearest-size peers
| Metric | Earth | Kepler-231 b | Jupiter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Radius (R⊕) | 1.00 | 1.73 | 11.21 |
| Mass (M⊕) | 1.00 | 35.40 | 317.83 |
| Density (g/cm³) | 5.51 | 13.80 | 1.33 |
| Surface Gravity (g) | 1.00 | 11.83 | 2.53 |
| Insolation (S⊕) | 1.00 | 14.88 | 0.037 |
Alternative Mass Estimates
| Method | Value | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Best measured mass | 35.400 M⊕ | Direct mass measurement (not derived). |
Star Catalogue Identifiers
TIC
TIC 27006192
Gaia DR2
Gaia DR2 2135223204298512128
Gaia DR3
Gaia DR3 2135223204298512128
System
Kepler-231
Percentile among Super-Earth cohort
Orbit & Habitability
Orbital Dynamics
Year Length
A year here lasts approximately 10.07 Earth days (2.8% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0740 AU.
Transit Fingerprint
Depth
0.105 %
Duration
1.440 h
Impact parameter b
0.820
Rp / R★
0.030809
Transit midpoint (BJD)
2,454,969.2819
Photometric dip
Transit produces a flux drop of 1,053 ppm lasting ≈ 1.44 h.
Extended Orbital Architecture
Planet / star radius ratio
0.030809
Semi-major axis / stellar radius
29.400
Impact parameter (b)
0.820
Transit mid-time (BJD)
2,454,969.2819
Angular separation (arcsec)
0.23400
Eq. Temperature
488K
(215 °C)
Insolation (S⊕)
14.88
Earth = 1.00
Earth Similarity (ESI)
0.455
0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical
Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.
Discovery Paper
Primary reference
Rowe et al. 2014Instrument
Kepler CCD Array
Publication
2014-03
Observation locale
Space
Discovery cohort
Planets confirmed in 2014 at Kepler (12 shown).
Host System: Kepler-231
Spectral Class
M-type red dwarf
Effective Temperature
3,767 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)
Estimated Age
3.15 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)
Stellar Radius
0.490 R☉
Stellar Mass
0.580 M☉
Metallicity [Fe/H]
-0.10
Extended Stellar Properties
Surface gravity (log g)
4.779 dex
Stellar density
7.162 g/cm³
Metallicity ratio
[Fe/H]
Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands
Astrometric Data
Parallax
3.130 mas
Total Proper Motion
13.589 mas/yr
PM Right Ascension
5.04 mas/yr
PM Declination
-12.62 mas/yr
Galactic Cartesian (pc)
x = 0.258 · y = -0.581 · z = 0.772
Equatorial (J2000)
RA 293.97339° · Dec 50.53185°
Galactic ℓ, b
82.916° · 14.061°
Ecliptic λ, β
318.832° · 69.936°
HTM-20 index
479015227
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