Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2016

Kepler-681 b

A sub-neptune orbiting the k-type orange Kepler-681, located approximately 2,240.4 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 3.08 Earth radii
  • A mass of 9.69 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.02 g
  • An orbital period of 26.394 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1635 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 489 K (216 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 2,240.44 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.466
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 39,510,167 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

Kepler-681 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
3.08 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.275 R♃
Mass
9.69 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.031 M♃
Density
1.82 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.02 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.466
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#448of 1978

top 22.6%

This planet

3.08R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-681 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.003.0811.21
Mass (M⊕)1.009.69317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.511.821.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.022.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0014.150.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 299217986

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2133249099888182912

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2133249099888182912

System

Kepler-681

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 3.080 R⊕ · percentile 77 / cohort 1978
Mass 9.690 M⊕ · percentile 71 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 26.39 d · percentile 70 / cohort 1946
Distance 686.92 pc · percentile 58 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.466 · percentile 65 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
26.394 days
Semi-major axis
0.1635 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
89.28 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 26.39 Earth days (7.2% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1635 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.151 %

Duration

3.479 h

Impact parameter b

0.130

Rp / R★

0.037396

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,455,009.0536

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 1,511 ppm lasting ≈ 3.48 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.037396

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

59.660

Impact parameter (b)

0.130

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,455,009.0536

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.23800

Eq. Temperature

489K

(216 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

14.15

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.466

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Morton et al. 2016

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2016-05

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-681

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

5,021 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

5.01 Gyr — older than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.760 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.800 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.04

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.580 dex

Stellar density

5.766 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
686.92 parsec
Light-years 2,240.44 ly
V-band magnitude
15.58 mag
Voyager-speed travel 39,510,167 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.216.616.65B15.58V15.23Gaia15.23Kepler14.62TESS15.96Sloan g15.16Sloan r14.92Sloan i14.82Sloan z13.76J13.27H13.17K13.13W113.26W212.95W39.18W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.427 mas

Total Proper Motion

20.334 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

0.72 mas/yr

PM Declination

-20.32 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.208 · y = -0.590 · z = 0.780

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 289.39974° · Dec 51.25024°

Galactic ℓ, b

82.374° · 16.988°

Ecliptic λ, β

311.929° · 71.874°

HTM-20 index

43868507

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