Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 2.63 Earth radii
A mass of 7.41 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 1.07 g
An orbital period of 31.003 days
Semi-major axis 0.2037 AU
Equilibrium temperature 616 K (343 °C)
Distance from Earth 5,385.65 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.402
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 94,975,949 years

Kepler-945 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

2.63 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.235 R♃

Mass

7.41 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.023 M♃

Density

2.24 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

1.07 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.402

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016

Method Transit

Facility Kepler

Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#969of 1978

top 48.9%

This planet

2.63R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Kepler-1241 b 2.63 R⊕ GJ 3473 c 2.63 R⊕ Kepler-319 c 2.63 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Kepler-945 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	2.63	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	7.41	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	2.24	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	1.07	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	31.70	0.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 159715997

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2101737474597174016

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2101737474597174016

System

Kepler-945

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.630 R⊕ · percentile 50 / cohort 1978

Mass 7.410 M⊕ · percentile 46 / cohort 1978

Orbital period 31.00 d · percentile 74 / cohort 1946

Distance 1,651.25 pc · percentile 95 / cohort 1975

ESI 0.402 · percentile 53 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

31.003 days

Semi-major axis

0.2037 AU

Eccentricity

0.000

Inclination

89.81 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 31.00 Earth days (8.5% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.2037 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.065 %

Duration

5.204 h

Impact parameter b

0.151

Rp / R★

0.024792

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,976.2891

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 645 ppm lasting ≈ 5.20 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.024792

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

45.630

Impact parameter (b)

0.151

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,976.2891

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.12300

Eq. Temperature

616K

(343 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

31.70

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.402

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Morton et al. 2016

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2016-05

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2016 at Kepler (12 shown).

Kepler-1512 b · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-1410 b · Super-Earth Kepler-560 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1389 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1450 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1544 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1459 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1638 b · Super-Earth Kepler-737 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1185 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1178 b · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-1040 b · Sub-Neptune

Host System: Kepler-945

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,718 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

4.47 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.970 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.970 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.01

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.460 dex

Stellar density

1.870 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

1,651.25 parsec

Light-years 5,385.65 ly

V-band magnitude

15.60 mag

Voyager-speed travel 94,975,949 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

0.578 mas

Total Proper Motion

4.484 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-2.60 mas/yr

PM Declination

-3.65 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.269 · y = -0.691 · z = 0.670

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 291.26974° · Dec 42.09603°

Galactic ℓ, b

74.287° · 12.069°

Ecliptic λ, β

306.198° · 62.887°

HTM-20 index

-382902218