Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2016

Kepler-990 b

A sub-neptune orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) Kepler-990, located approximately 2,616.3 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 2.60 Earth radii
  • A mass of 7.27 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.08 g
  • An orbital period of 9.917 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0860 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 903 K (630 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 2,616.30 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.275
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 46,138,496 years

1 sibling around Kepler-990

Kepler-990 b shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-990 c Super-Earth 1.53 2.96 0.538 2,386 2016
Kepler-990 b this Sub-Neptune 2.60 7.27 9.917 903 2016

Kepler-990 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
2.60 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.232 R♃
Mass
7.27 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.023 M♃
Density
2.27 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.08 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.275
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1017of 1978

top 51.4%

This planet

2.60R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

K2-155 c 2.60 R⊕ Kepler-84 e 2.60 R⊕ Kepler-115 c 2.60 R⊕
Metric Earth Kepler-990 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.002.6011.21
Mass (M⊕)1.007.27317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.512.271.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.082.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00108.300.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 273591945

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2086302805244921984

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2086302805244921984

System

Kepler-990

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.600 R⊕ · percentile 48 / cohort 1978
Mass 7.270 M⊕ · percentile 44 / cohort 1978
Orbital period 9.92 d · percentile 33 / cohort 1946
Distance 802.16 pc · percentile 65 / cohort 1975
ESI 0.275 · percentile 22 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
9.917 days
Semi-major axis
0.0860 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
87.06 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 9.92 Earth days (2.7% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0859 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.046 %

Duration

3.260 h

Impact parameter b

0.786

Rp / R★

0.022233

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,968.1395

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 458 ppm lasting ≈ 3.26 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.022233

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

14.650

Impact parameter (b)

0.786

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,968.1395

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.10700

Eq. Temperature

903K

(630 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

108.30

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.275

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Morton et al. 2016

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2016-05

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2016 at Kepler (12 shown).

Kepler-1512 b · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-1410 b · Super-Earth Kepler-560 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1389 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1450 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1544 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1459 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1638 b · Super-Earth Kepler-737 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1185 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1178 b · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-1040 b · Sub-Neptune

Host System: Kepler-990

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,948 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

3.55 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.080 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.050 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.01

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.390 dex

Stellar density

1.000 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
802.16 parsec
Light-years 2,616.30 ly
V-band magnitude
14.72 mag
Voyager-speed travel 46,138,496 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.615.415.38B14.72V14.49Gaia14.50Kepler14.00TESS14.99Sloan g14.46Sloan r14.29Sloan i14.21Sloan z13.36J13.03H12.93K12.81W112.88W213.27W39.63W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.218 mas

Total Proper Motion

19.322 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-8.09 mas/yr

PM Declination

-17.55 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.320 · y = -0.604 · z = 0.730

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 297.93818° · Dec 46.88132°

Galactic ℓ, b

80.844° · 10.055°

Ecliptic λ, β

320.530° · 65.492°

HTM-20 index

1105149662

Similar Worlds

Kepler-92 c

Sub-Neptune · G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Radius 2.60 R⊕ · 1,559.0 ly

Kepler-115 c

Sub-Neptune · G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Radius 2.60 R⊕ · 2,033.9 ly

EPIC 206024342 d

Sub-Neptune · G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Radius 2.60 R⊕ · 1,206.4 ly

K2-53 b

Sub-Neptune · G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Radius 2.60 R⊕ · 450.2 ly

Kepler-663 b

Sub-Neptune · G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Radius 2.60 R⊕ · 3,467.3 ly

Kepler-618 b

Sub-Neptune · G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Radius 2.60 R⊕ · 3,985.5 ly

Explore Related Categories

Sub-Neptune Planets Transit Discoveries Kepler Mission G-type yellow (Sun-like) Hosts