Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2021

TOI-2109 b

A gas giant orbiting the f-type yellow-white TOI-2109, located approximately 854.7 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 15.10 Earth radii
  • A mass of 1,595.50 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 7.00 g
  • An orbital period of 0.672 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0179 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 3,646 K (3373 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 854.66 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.033
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 15,071,971 years

TOI-2109 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
15.10 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
1.347 R♃
Mass
1,595.50 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
5.020 M♃
Density
2.55 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
7.00 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.033
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2021
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#227of 1771

top 12.8%

This planet

15.10R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-2109 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0015.1011.21
Mass (M⊕)1.001,595.50317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.512.551.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.007.002.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0014,429.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 1,595.499 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 392476080

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 4558177980120149632

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 4558177980124887936

System

TOI-2109

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 15.099 R⊕ · percentile 87 / cohort 1771
Mass 1,595.499 M⊕ · percentile 75 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 0.67 d · percentile 0 / cohort 1533
Distance 262.04 pc · percentile 56 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.033 · percentile 1 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
0.672 days
Semi-major axis
0.0179 AU
Eccentricity
Inclination
70.74 °

Year Length

A year here lasts roughly 16.1 hours long at a mean orbital distance of 0.0179 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.665 %

Duration

1.801 h

Impact parameter b

0.748

Rp / R★

0.081550

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,459,378.4594

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 6,651 ppm lasting ≈ 1.80 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.081550

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

2.268

Impact parameter (b)

0.748

RV semi-amplitude (K)

860.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,459,378.4594

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.06830

Eq. Temperature

3,646K

(3373 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

14,429.00

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.033

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Wong et al. 2021

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2021-12

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-2109

Spectral Class

F-type yellow-white

Effective Temperature

6,540 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

1.77 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.698 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.453 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.07

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.139 dex

Stellar density

0.417 g/cm³

Rotational v·sin i

81.20 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
262.04 parsec
Light-years 854.66 ly
V-band magnitude
10.22 mag
Voyager-speed travel 15,071,971 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

8.510.610.65B10.22V10.11Gaia9.79TESS9.38J9.13H9.07K9.06W19.09W29.06W38.45W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

3.788 mas

Total Proper Motion

12.533 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-8.45 mas/yr

PM Declination

-9.26 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.277 · y = -0.917 · z = 0.285

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 253.18630° · Dec 16.57992°

Galactic ℓ, b

35.518° · 33.531°

Ecliptic λ, β

249.155° · 38.810°

HTM-20 index

-725212994

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