Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2025

TOI-2969 b

A gas giant orbiting the k-type orange TOI-2969, located approximately 534.9 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 12.33 Earth radii
  • A mass of 368.68 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 2.43 g
  • An orbital period of 1.824 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0261 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,186 K (913 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 534.88 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.125
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 9,432,658 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

TOI-2969 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
12.33 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
1.100 R♃
Mass
368.68 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
1.160 M♃
Density
1.10 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
2.43 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.125
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2025
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1345of 1771

top 75.9%

This planet

12.33R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-2969 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0012.3311.21
Mass (M⊕)1.00368.68317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.511.101.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.002.432.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00382.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 368.681 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 36452991

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 5407977460540294784

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 5407977460540294784

System

TOI-2969

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 12.330 R⊕ · percentile 24 / cohort 1771
Mass 368.681 M⊕ · percentile 39 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 1.82 d · percentile 6 / cohort 1533
Distance 164.00 pc · percentile 46 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.125 · percentile 33 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
1.824 days
Semi-major axis
0.0261 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
84.90 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 1.82 Earth days (0.5% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0261 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

2.292 %

Duration

1.846 h

Impact parameter b

0.713

Rp / R★

0.161300

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,459,303.3002

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 22,920 ppm lasting ≈ 1.85 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.161300

Impact parameter (b)

0.713

RV semi-amplitude (K)

243.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,459,303.3002

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.15900

Eq. Temperature

1,186K

(913 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

382.00

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.125

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Frensch et al. 2025

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2025-06

Observation locale

Space

Host System: TOI-2969

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,738 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

Stellar Radius

0.700 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.710 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.08

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.560 dex

Stellar density

2.721 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

52.04 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

2.00 km/s

Rotation period

26.80 days

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
164.00 parsec
Light-years 534.88 ly
V-band magnitude
12.80 mag
Voyager-speed travel 9,432,658 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

8.714.014.01B12.80V12.62Gaia11.94TESS10.96J10.39H10.25K10.14W110.24W210.10W38.74W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

6.069 mas

Total Proper Motion

12.007 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

11.99 mas/yr

PM Declination

-0.64 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.586 · y = 0.338 · z = -0.737

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 150.06262° · Dec -47.44524°

Galactic ℓ, b

275.411° · 6.071°

Ecliptic λ, β

178.370° · -54.106°

HTM-20 index

1013633824

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