Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2019

V1298 Tau b

A neptune-like orbiting the k-type orange V1298 Tau, located approximately 352.9 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 9.41 Earth radii
  • A mass of 13.10 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 0.15 g
  • An orbital period of 24.140 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1685 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 666 K (393 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 352.90 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.154
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 6,223,348 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

3 siblings around V1298 Tau

V1298 Tau b shares its host star with 3 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
V1298 Tau c Neptune-like 5.08 4.70 8.249 953 2019
V1298 Tau d Neptune-like 6.53 6.00 12.401 831 2019
V1298 Tau b this Neptune-like 9.41 13.10 24.140 666 2019
V1298 Tau e Gas Giant 10.17 15.30 48.678 527 2019

V1298 Tau b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
9.41 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.840 R♃
Mass
13.10 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.041 M♃
Density
0.09 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
0.15 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Neptune-like

ESI Score 0.154
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2019
Method Transit
Facility K2
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#49of 574

top 8.4%

This planet

9.41R⊕

Neptune-like median

6.39R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth V1298 Tau b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.009.4111.21
Mass (M⊕)1.0013.10317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.510.091.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.000.152.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0033.200.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 13.100 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 15756231

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 51886335968692480

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 51886335968692480

System

V1298 Tau

Percentile among Neptune-like cohort

Radius 9.410 R⊕ · percentile 91 / cohort 574
Mass 13.100 M⊕ · percentile 5 / cohort 574
Orbital period 24.14 d · percentile 55 / cohort 524
Distance 108.20 pc · percentile 25 / cohort 572
ESI 0.154 · percentile 15 / cohort 574

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
24.140 days
Semi-major axis
0.1685 AU
Eccentricity
0.008
Inclination
88.76 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 24.14 Earth days (6.6% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1685 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.500 %

Duration

6.450 h

Impact parameter b

0.260

Rp / R★

0.066100

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,458,298.2096

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 5,000 ppm lasting ≈ 6.45 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.066100

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

26.060

Impact parameter (b)

0.260

RV semi-amplitude (K)

41.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,458,298.2096

Long. of periastron (ω)

91.00°

Sky-projected obliquity (λ)

4.00°

True obliquity (ψ)

8.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

1.56000

Eq. Temperature

666K

(393 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

33.20

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.154

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Transit timing variations

Gravitational interactions from neighbours have been detected.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

David et al. 2019

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2019-08

Observation locale

Space

Host System: V1298 Tau

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,970 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

0.02 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.320 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.100 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.10

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.227 dex

Stellar density

0.679 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

16.15 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

24.77 km/s

Rotation period

2.91 days

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
108.20 parsec
Light-years 352.90 ly
V-band magnitude
10.12 mag
Voyager-speed travel 6,223,348 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 17 bands

7.615.014.97U11.11B10.12V10.07Gaia10.51Kepler9.49TESS14.62Sloan g14.20Sloan r13.88Sloan i12.88Sloan z8.69J8.19H8.09K8.04W18.07W28.02W37.61W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

9.214 mas

Total Proper Motion

16.905 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

5.23 mas/yr

PM Declination

-16.08 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.450 · y = 0.824 · z = 0.345

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 61.33165° · Dec 20.15703°

Galactic ℓ, b

172.895° · -23.377°

Ecliptic λ, β

63.228° · -0.658°

HTM-20 index

-403262256

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