Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 12.70 Earth radii
A mass of 2,075.74 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 12.87 g
An orbital period of 1,202.052 days
Semi-major axis 2.3750 AU
Distance from Earth 257.86 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.441
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 4,547,388 years

HD 224538 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

12.70 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

1.130 R♃

Mass

2,075.74 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

6.531 M♃

Density

5.57 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

12.87 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.441

HZ Position Unknown

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016

Method Radial Velocity

Facility Multiple Observatories

Telescope Multiple Telescopes

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1130of 1771

top 63.7%

This planet

12.70R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

HD 168863 b 12.70 R⊕ HD 233604 b 12.70 R⊕ Kepler-424 c 12.70 R⊕

Metric	Earth	HD 224538 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	12.70	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	2,075.74	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	5.57	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	12.87	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	—	0.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method	Value	Interpretation
Best measured mass	2,075.737 M⊕	Direct mass measurement (not derived).
Minimum mass (M sin i)	2,218.442 M⊕	Lower bound from radial-velocity fitting.

Star Catalogue Identifiers

HD 224538

HIP

HIP 118228

TIC

TIC 280803137

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 6488009143872441216

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 6488009143872441216

System

HD 224538

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 12.700 R⊕ · percentile 34 / cohort 1771

Mass 2,075.737 M⊕ · percentile 81 / cohort 1747

Orbital period 1,202.05 d · percentile 80 / cohort 1533

Distance 79.06 pc · percentile 30 / cohort 1759

ESI 0.441 · percentile 98 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

1,202.052 days

Semi-major axis

2.3750 AU

Eccentricity

0.476

Inclination

91.13 °

Year Length

A year here lasts about 3.29 Earth years on a highly eccentric trajectory at a mean orbital distance of 2.3750 AU.

Eq. Temperature

—

Insolation (S⊕)

—

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.441

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Detection Signatures

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Astrometry

Positional wobble of the host star was measured.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Jenkins et al. 2017

Instrument

Multiple Instruments

Publication

2017-04

Observation locale

Ground

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2016 at Multiple Observatories (12 shown).

HD 42618 b · Sub-Neptune HD 164922 c · Sub-Neptune HD 30177 c · Gas Giant Kepler-56 d · Gas Giant HD 72892 b · Gas Giant HD 147873 b · Gas Giant HIP 8541 b · Gas Giant HD 68402 b · Gas Giant HD 86950 b · Gas Giant HD 165155 b · Gas Giant rho CrB c · Neptune-like HIP 74890 b · Gas Giant

Host System: HD 224538

Spectral Class

F-type yellow-white

Effective Temperature

6,097 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

2.00 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.540 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.230 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.27

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.190 dex

Stellar density

0.531 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-10.71 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

3.90 km/s

Activity index (log R'HK)

-4.930

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

79.06 parsec

Light-years 257.86 ly

V-band magnitude

8.06 mag

Voyager-speed travel 4,547,388 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

12.620 mas

Total Proper Motion

85.339 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

82.80 mas/yr

PM Declination

-20.67 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.476 · y = -0.002 · z = -0.880

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 359.71643° · Dec -61.58686°

Galactic ℓ, b

313.652° · -54.434°

Ecliptic λ, β

323.501° · -53.709°

HTM-20 index

-2085209181