Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2016

K2-99 b

A gas giant orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) K2-99, located approximately 1,693.5 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 11.88 Earth radii
  • A mass of 276.51 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.96 g
  • An orbital period of 18.248 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1530 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,184 K (911 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,693.50 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.122
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 29,864,810 years

1 sibling around K2-99

K2-99 b shares its host star with 1 other confirmed planet. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
K2-99 b this Gas Giant 11.88 276.51 18.248 1,184 2016
K2-99 c Gas Giant 12.60 2,669.76 522.200 390 2022

K2-99 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
11.88 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
1.060 R♃
Mass
276.51 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.870 M♃
Density
0.90 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.96 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Gas Giant

ESI Score 0.122
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016
Method Transit
Facility K2
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1551of 1771

top 87.5%

This planet

11.88R⊕

Gas Giant median

13.52R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth K2-99 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.0011.8811.21
Mass (M⊕)1.00276.51317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.510.901.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.962.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00357.000.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 276.511 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 176966903

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 3620612011248988416

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 3620612011248988416

System

K2-99

Percentile among Gas Giant cohort

Radius 11.882 R⊕ · percentile 12 / cohort 1771
Mass 276.511 M⊕ · percentile 30 / cohort 1747
Orbital period 18.25 d · percentile 47 / cohort 1533
Distance 519.23 pc · percentile 76 / cohort 1759
ESI 0.122 · percentile 32 / cohort 1771

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
18.248 days
Semi-major axis
0.1530 AU
Eccentricity
0.220
Inclination
88.60 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 18.25 Earth days (5.0% of a terrestrial year) on a mildly elliptical path at a mean orbital distance of 0.1530 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.193 %

Duration

11.100 h

Impact parameter b

0.340

Rp / R★

0.042600

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,458,182.7133

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 1,930 ppm lasting ≈ 11.10 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.042600

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

13.100

Impact parameter (b)

0.340

RV semi-amplitude (K)

54.000 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,458,182.7133

Long. of periastron (ω)

334.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.29500

Eq. Temperature

1,184K

(911 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

357.00

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.122

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Smith et al. 2017

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2017-01

Observation locale

Space

Host System: K2-99

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

6,069 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

3.70 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

2.550 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.440 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.20

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

3.783 dex

Stellar density

0.078 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-2.86 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

9.30 km/s

Activity index (log R'HK)

-5.393

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
519.23 parsec
Light-years 1,693.50 ly
V-band magnitude
11.15 mag
Voyager-speed travel 29,864,810 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 17 bands

8.914.714.70U11.75B11.15V10.95Gaia11.01Kepler10.56TESS11.37Sloan g11.01Sloan r10.91Sloan i13.09Sloan z10.02J9.76H9.72K9.69W19.71W29.72W38.85W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

1.898 mas

Total Proper Motion

2.014 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-0.32 mas/yr

PM Declination

-1.99 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.873 · y = -0.479 · z = -0.095

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 208.77376° · Dec -5.44249°

Galactic ℓ, b

330.586° · 53.976°

Ecliptic λ, β

208.678° · 5.946°

HTM-20 index

247804284

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