Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2014

Kepler-196 b

A super-earth orbiting the k-type orange Kepler-196, located approximately 1,472.0 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 1.90 Earth radii
  • A mass of 4.27 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 1.18 g
  • An orbital period of 20.740 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.1380 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 536 K (263 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 1,471.98 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.515
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 25,958,386 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

2 siblings around Kepler-196

Kepler-196 b shares its host star with 2 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
Kepler-196 b this Super-Earth 1.90 4.27 20.740 536 2014
Kepler-196 c Sub-Neptune 2.24 5.65 47.428 407 2014
Kepler-196 d Sub-Neptune 2.66 7.56 122.080 297 2021

Kepler-196 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
1.90 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.170 R♃
Mass
4.27 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.013 M♃
Density
3.42 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
1.18 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.515
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2014
Method Transit
Facility Kepler
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#125of 1176

top 10.5%

This planet

1.90R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth Kepler-196 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.001.9011.21
Mass (M⊕)1.004.27317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.513.421.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.001.182.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0020.740.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 164828012

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2104094071610116608

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2104094071610116608

System

Kepler-196

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.900 R⊕ · percentile 88 / cohort 1176
Mass 4.270 M⊕ · percentile 81 / cohort 1176
Orbital period 20.74 d · percentile 86 / cohort 1164
Distance 451.31 pc · percentile 44 / cohort 1171
ESI 0.515 · percentile 74 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
20.740 days
Semi-major axis
0.1380 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
88.68 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 20.74 Earth days (5.7% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1380 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.063 %

Duration

3.014 h

Impact parameter b

0.290

Rp / R★

0.022470

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,455,006.2182

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 630 ppm lasting ≈ 3.01 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.022470

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

53.105

Impact parameter (b)

0.290

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,455,006.2182

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.30600

Eq. Temperature

536K

(263 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

20.74

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.515

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Rowe et al. 2014

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2014-03

Observation locale

Space

Host System: Kepler-196

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

5,128 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

3.09 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.782 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.839 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.03

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.566 dex

Stellar density

1.740 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
451.31 parsec
Light-years 1,471.98 ly
V-band magnitude
14.24 mag
Voyager-speed travel 25,958,386 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

9.115.115.13B14.24V14.10Gaia14.16Kepler13.55TESS14.82Sloan g14.08Sloan r13.87Sloan i13.77Sloan z12.75J12.30H12.24K12.21W112.27W212.15W39.09W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

2.187 mas

Total Proper Motion

15.875 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-3.03 mas/yr

PM Declination

-15.58 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.192 · y = -0.717 · z = 0.670

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 284.96851° · Dec 42.07912°

Galactic ℓ, b

72.315° · 16.336°

Ecliptic λ, β

296.098° · 64.168°

HTM-20 index

2038205939

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