Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 2.49 Earth radii
A mass of 6.76 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 1.09 g
An orbital period of 41.746 days
Semi-major axis 0.2370 AU
Equilibrium temperature 584 K (311 °C)
Distance from Earth 1,084.28 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.432
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 19,121,326 years

Kepler-509 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

2.49 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.222 R♃

Mass

6.76 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.021 M♃

Density

2.41 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

1.09 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Sub-Neptune

ESI Score 0.432

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016

Method Transit

Facility Kepler

Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1191of 1978

top 60.2%

This planet

2.49R⊕

Sub-Neptune median

2.71R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Kepler-184 d 2.49 R⊕ HD 176986 d 2.49 R⊕ Kepler-11 f 2.49 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Kepler-509 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	2.49	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	6.76	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	2.41	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	1.09	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	28.48	0.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 416283848

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2129495057954829952

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2129495057954829952

System

Kepler-509

Percentile among Sub-Neptune cohort

Radius 2.490 R⊕ · percentile 39 / cohort 1978

Mass 6.760 M⊕ · percentile 37 / cohort 1978

Orbital period 41.75 d · percentile 82 / cohort 1946

Distance 332.44 pc · percentile 37 / cohort 1975

ESI 0.432 · percentile 59 / cohort 1978

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

41.746 days

Semi-major axis

0.2370 AU

Eccentricity

0.000

Inclination

89.96 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 41.75 Earth days (11.4% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.2370 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.042 %

Duration

4.606 h

Impact parameter b

0.021

Rp / R★

0.018713

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,455,043.3993

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 422 ppm lasting ≈ 4.61 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.018713

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

70.525

Impact parameter (b)

0.021

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,455,043.3993

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.71300

Eq. Temperature

584K

(311 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

28.48

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.432

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Transit timing variations

Gravitational interactions from neighbours have been detected.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Morton et al. 2016

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2016-05

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2016 at Kepler (12 shown).

Kepler-1512 b · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-1410 b · Super-Earth Kepler-560 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1389 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1450 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1544 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1459 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1638 b · Super-Earth Kepler-737 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1185 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1178 b · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-1040 b · Sub-Neptune

Host System: Kepler-509

Spectral Class

F-type yellow-white

Effective Temperature

6,060 K — hotter than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

4.27 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

1.200 R☉

Stellar Mass

1.100 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

0.01

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.320 dex

Stellar density

0.610 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-19.51 km/s

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

332.44 parsec

Light-years 1,084.28 ly

V-band magnitude

11.85 mag

Voyager-speed travel 19,121,326 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

2.980 mas

Total Proper Motion

7.082 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-3.68 mas/yr

PM Declination

-6.05 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.222 · y = -0.621 · z = 0.751

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 289.66439° · Dec 48.70617°

Galactic ℓ, b

79.999° · 15.843°

Ecliptic λ, β

309.299° · 69.477°

HTM-20 index

521589194