Key parameters at a glance

A radius of 1.93 Earth radii
A mass of 4.38 Earth masses
Surface gravity around 1.18 g
An orbital period of 11.792 days
Semi-major axis 0.1002 AU
Equilibrium temperature 857 K (584 °C)
Distance from Earth 3,709.34 light-years
Earth Similarity Index 0.324
Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 65,414,200 years

Kepler-946 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius

1.93 R⊕

Radius (Jupiter)

0.172 R♃

Mass

4.38 M⊕

Mass (Jupiter)

0.014 M♃

Density

3.35 g/cm³

Surface Gravity

1.18 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.324

HZ Position Inner

Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2016

Method Transit

Facility Kepler

Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#85of 1176

top 7.1%

This planet

1.93R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Kepler-231 c 1.93 R⊕ Kepler-298 c 1.93 R⊕ TOI-912 b 1.93 R⊕

Metric	Earth	Kepler-946 b	Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)	1.00	1.93	11.21
Mass (M⊕)	1.00	4.38	317.83
Density (g/cm³)	5.51	3.35	1.33
Surface Gravity (g)	1.00	1.18	2.53
Insolation (S⊕)	1.00	124.07	0.037

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 185057567

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 2075875277491246848

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 2075875277491246848

System

Kepler-946

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.930 R⊕ · percentile 92 / cohort 1176

Mass 4.380 M⊕ · percentile 84 / cohort 1176

Orbital period 11.79 d · percentile 69 / cohort 1164

Distance 1,137.29 pc · percentile 88 / cohort 1171

ESI 0.324 · percentile 43 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period

11.792 days

Semi-major axis

0.1002 AU

Eccentricity

0.000

Inclination

89.94 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 11.79 Earth days (3.2% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.1002 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.042 %

Duration

3.007 h

Impact parameter b

0.034

Rp / R★

0.018966

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,454,967.5402

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 415 ppm lasting ≈ 3.01 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.018966

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

30.460

Impact parameter (b)

0.034

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,454,967.5402

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.08810

Eq. Temperature

857K

(584 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

124.07

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.324

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Morton et al. 2016

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2016-05

Observation locale

Space

Discovery cohort

Planets confirmed in 2016 at Kepler (12 shown).

Kepler-1512 b · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-1410 b · Super-Earth Kepler-560 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1389 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1450 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1544 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1459 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1638 b · Super-Earth Kepler-737 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1185 b · Super-Earth Kepler-1178 b · Rocky Terrestrial Kepler-1040 b · Sub-Neptune

Host System: Kepler-946

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,665 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

4.17 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.930 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.940 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.09

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.470 dex

Stellar density

3.748 g/cm³

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance

1,137.29 parsec

Light-years 3,709.34 ly

V-band magnitude

15.01 mag

Voyager-speed travel 65,414,200 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 16 bands

Astrometric Data

Parallax

0.851 mas

Total Proper Motion

22.230 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-7.25 mas/yr

PM Declination

-21.01 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = 0.370 · y = -0.617 · z = 0.695

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 300.92956° · Dec 44.02867°

Galactic ℓ, b

79.430° · 6.802°

Ecliptic λ, β

321.932° · 62.006°

HTM-20 index

-1631257650