Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2023

TOI-784 b

A super-earth orbiting the g-type yellow (sun-like) HD 307842, located approximately 210.7 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 1.93 Earth radii
  • A mass of 9.67 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 2.60 g
  • An orbital period of 2.797 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0380 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 1,256 K (983 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 210.70 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.211
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 3,715,620 years

TOI-784 b Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
1.93 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.172 R♃
Mass
9.67 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.030 M♃
Density
7.40 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
2.60 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.211
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2023
Method Transit
Facility Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS)
Telescope 0.1 m TESS Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#85of 1176

top 7.1%

This planet

1.93R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth TOI-784 b Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.001.9311.21
Mass (M⊕)1.009.67317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.517.401.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.002.602.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.00413.890.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 9.670 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

HD

HD 307842

TIC

TIC 460984940

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 5251941573573934080

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 5251941573573934080

System

HD 307842

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.930 R⊕ · percentile 92 / cohort 1176
Mass 9.670 M⊕ · percentile 96 / cohort 1176
Orbital period 2.80 d · percentile 19 / cohort 1164
Distance 64.60 pc · percentile 13 / cohort 1171
ESI 0.211 · percentile 15 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
2.797 days
Semi-major axis
0.0380 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
88.60 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 2.80 Earth days (0.8% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0380 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Depth

0.048 %

Duration

2.185 h

Impact parameter b

0.220

Rp / R★

0.019500

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,459,336.6122

Photometric dip

Transit produces a flux drop of 481 ppm lasting ≈ 2.19 h.

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.019500

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

9.030

Impact parameter (b)

0.220

RV semi-amplitude (K)

4.670 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,459,336.6122

Long. of periastron (ω)

90.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.58800

Eq. Temperature

1,256K

(983 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

413.89

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.211

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the dayside is scorched.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

Hua et al. 2023

Instrument

TESS CCD Array

Publication

2023-07

Observation locale

Space

Host System: HD 307842

Spectral Class

G-type yellow (Sun-like)

Effective Temperature

5,558 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

Stellar Radius

0.907 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.910 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.13

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.480 dex

Stellar density

1.781 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

15.06 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

1.10 km/s

Activity index (log R'HK)

-4.990

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
64.60 parsec
Light-years 210.70 ly
V-band magnitude
9.41 mag
Voyager-speed travel 3,715,620 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 11 bands

7.610.210.21B9.41V9.24Gaia8.75TESS8.07J7.73H7.64K7.57W17.66W27.66W37.74W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

15.451 mas

Total Proper Motion

154.952 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

3.57 mas/yr

PM Declination

-154.91 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.415 · y = 0.157 · z = -0.896

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 159.34122° · Dec -63.65569°

Galactic ℓ, b

288.701° · -4.552°

Ecliptic λ, β

207.133° · -62.187°

HTM-20 index

-372064616

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