Confirmed Exoplanet Discovered 2018

K2-233 c

A super-earth orbiting the k-type orange K2-233, located approximately 220.2 light-years from Earth.

Key parameters at a glance

  • A radius of 1.27 Earth radii
  • A mass of 4.60 Earth masses
  • Surface gravity around 2.84 g
  • An orbital period of 7.060 days
  • Semi-major axis 0.0664 AU
  • Equilibrium temperature 794 K (521 °C)
  • Distance from Earth 220.18 light-years
  • Earth Similarity Index 0.335
  • Travel time at Voyager 1 speed 3,882,795 years
  • Almost certainly tidally locked to its host star given the close orbit

2 siblings around K2-233

K2-233 c shares its host star with 2 other confirmed planets. Side-by-side measurements below.

Planet Type Radius (R⊕) Mass (M⊕) Period (d) Eq. T (K) Year
K2-233 b Super-Earth 1.32 2.40 2.468 1,127 2018
K2-233 c this Super-Earth 1.27 4.60 7.060 794 2018
K2-233 d Sub-Neptune 2.36 10.30 24.368 525 2018

K2-233 c Planet Profile

Physical Specs

Radius
1.27 R⊕
Radius (Jupiter)
0.113 R♃
Mass
4.60 M⊕
Mass (Jupiter)
0.014 M♃
Density
12.40 g/cm³
Surface Gravity
2.84 g (Earth)

Classification

Planet Type

Super-Earth

ESI Score 0.335
HZ Position Inner
Controversial No

Discovery

Year 2018
Method Transit
Facility K2
Telescope 0.95 m Kepler Telescope

Size rank in cohort

Rank by radius

#1133of 1176

top 96.3%

This planet

1.27R⊕

Super-Earth median

1.60R⊕

Nearest-size peers

Metric Earth K2-233 c Jupiter
Radius (R⊕)1.001.2711.21
Mass (M⊕)1.004.60317.83
Density (g/cm³)5.5112.401.33
Surface Gravity (g)1.002.842.53
Insolation (S⊕)1.0066.200.037

Alternative Mass Estimates

Method Value Interpretation
Best measured mass 4.600 M⊕ Direct mass measurement (not derived).

Star Catalogue Identifiers

TIC

TIC 428820090

Gaia DR2

Gaia DR2 6253186686054822784

Gaia DR3

Gaia DR3 6253186686054822784

System

K2-233

Percentile among Super-Earth cohort

Radius 1.272 R⊕ · percentile 4 / cohort 1176
Mass 4.600 M⊕ · percentile 90 / cohort 1176
Orbital period 7.06 d · percentile 53 / cohort 1164
Distance 67.51 pc · percentile 14 / cohort 1171
ESI 0.335 · percentile 47 / cohort 1176

Orbit & Habitability

Orbital Dynamics

Period
7.060 days
Semi-major axis
0.0664 AU
Eccentricity
0.000
Inclination
89.57 °

Year Length

A year here lasts approximately 7.06 Earth days (1.9% of a terrestrial year) on a nearly circular orbit at a mean orbital distance of 0.0664 AU.

Transit Fingerprint

Duration

2.687 h

Impact parameter b

0.150

Rp / R★

0.016420

Transit midpoint (BJD)

2,457,586.8620

Extended Orbital Architecture

Planet / star radius ratio

0.016420

Semi-major axis / stellar radius

20.100

Impact parameter (b)

0.150

RV semi-amplitude (K)

1.810 m/s

Transit mid-time (BJD)

2,457,586.8620

Long. of periastron (ω)

90.00°

Angular separation (arcsec)

0.98400

Eq. Temperature

794K

(521 °C)

Insolation (S⊕)

66.20

Earth = 1.00

Earth Similarity (ESI)

0.335

0 = alien, 1 = Earth-identical

Inside the inner HZ boundary (too hot for liquid water) — the surface is too hot to retain surface water. Close-orbiting tidally-locked around a cool host.

Detection Signatures

Transit photometry

A transit dip has been observed from at least one telescope.

Radial velocity

Stellar wobble has been measured spectroscopically.

Discovery Paper

Primary reference

David et al. 2018

Instrument

Kepler CCD Array

Publication

2018-05

Observation locale

Space

Host System: K2-233

Spectral Class

K-type orange

Effective Temperature

4,796 K — cooler than the Sun (5,778 K)

Estimated Age

0.36 Gyr — younger than the Sun (4.6 Gyr)

Stellar Radius

0.710 R☉

Stellar Mass

0.790 M☉

Metallicity [Fe/H]

-0.08

Extended Stellar Properties

Surface gravity (log g)

4.530 dex

Stellar density

3.080 g/cm³

Systemic radial velocity

-9.65 km/s

Rotational v·sin i

4.50 km/s

Rotation period

9.75 days

Metallicity ratio

[Fe/H]

Distance
67.51 parsec
Light-years 220.18 ly
V-band magnitude
10.88 mag
Voyager-speed travel 3,882,795 yr

Multi-band Host Photometry — 12 bands

8.311.811.81B10.88V10.42Gaia10.42Kepler9.81TESS8.97J8.50H8.38K8.32W18.38W28.33W38.28W4

Astrometric Data

Parallax

14.785 mas

Total Proper Motion

36.981 mas/yr

PM Right Ascension

-19.87 mas/yr

PM Declination

-31.19 mas/yr

Galactic Cartesian (pc)

x = -0.597 · y = -0.724 · z = -0.346

Equatorial (J2000)

RA 230.47990° · Dec -20.23180°

Galactic ℓ, b

344.464° · 30.249°

Ecliptic λ, β

233.316° · -1.683°

HTM-20 index

-1997526897

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